Dźwięk Marsa walecznego Mateusza Kuligowskiego w kontekście utworów pochocimskich 1673 roku

LTReikšminiai žodžiai: Chotyno mūšis; Istorinė epika; Karai su turkais; Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė (LDK; Grand Duchy of Lithuania; GDL); Natūralizmas; Poezija; Proginė literatūra; Proginė poezija; Realizmas; Riteriai; Senoji lenkų literatūra; Turkai; Vilnius; Historical epic; Khotyn battle; Knights; Naturalism; Occasional literature; Occasional poetry; Old Polish literature; Poetry; Realism; The Great Duchy of Lithuania; Turks; Vilnius; War against Turkey.

ENThe issues addressed in the paper concern historical narrative and the first attempts of national epic in 17th-century Poland. The paper focuses on a poem from 1675 by Mateusz Kuligowski, Voice of the Valiant Mars (Dźwięk Marsa walecznego), which is thematically connected with the Khotyn war of 1673. It is a rhyming piece of 600 lines, not counting rhyming dedications. The addressee of a rhyming dedication letter is Jan III Sobieski. Mateusz Ignacy Kuligowski was a poet and priest. He probably came from a family with the Dragomir coat of arms. He is known to have been connected with Lithuania all his life, although he printed his works mainly in Cracow. In 1675 he was a parson in Brzozow. He left behind several literary works, of which Voice of Mars aroused least interest among scholars. Others, like Indian Prince Dressed in Polish Attire, or the Story of Saint Josaphat and Saint Barlaam (Królewic indyjski w polski strój przebrany, to jest Historyja o świętym Jozaphacie, królewicu indyjskim i o świętym Barlaamie, Cracow, 1688) or Witty Democritus (Demokryt śmieszny albo śmiech Demokryta chrześcijańskiego, Wilno, 1699) have their readers among Old Polish literature researchers. Kuligowski with his Voice of Mars joins the eulogists of the second Khotyn war.It is probable that at the time of publishing his poem in 1675 in Vilnius, the author was acquainted with Jan Śliźn's text published in the previous year; Zbigniew Morsztyn's poem, also published a year before; Jan Kwiatkiewicz's Latin poem from the same year; and with Classicum of Undying Fame (Classicum nieśmiertelnej sławy) by Samuel Leszczyński. So Kuligowski's poem is the latest of all literary pieces commemorating Khotyn wars. It shows close affinity to its predecessors, in particular to Morsztyn's Famous victory over the Turks (Sławna wiktoryja nad Turkami, 1673). Kuligowski's poem hasn't been a subject of research both in Poland and abroad. The text refers to Jan Kochanowski's rhetoric and displays strong connections with Kochanowski's Czarnolas tradition. Kuligowski gives a detailed account of both important and marginal political events, which is absent from other Khotyn texts. The poem was intended to serve as a commemorative account of the war. Similar to occasional poetry created in the period between the election and coronation of Jan III Sobieski, Kuligowski's piece is infused with elements of political poetry. It also contains strongly developed pious and religious elements. Characteristic features of Voice of the Valiant Mars are realism, dynamic description and the aspiration to illustrate in detail the events of 1673. In his own way, the author transforms chivalric poems created at that time, adding new elements to factual material. [text from author]