Lietuvos mažmeninės prekybos lemiančių veiksnių konkurencinis pranašumas

LTTeorinių žinių pagrindu straipsnyje pateikiama autorių sudaryta tiesioginių užsienio investicijų ir konkurencijos mažmeninės prekybos sektoriuje vertinimo metodika, nagrinėjami konkurencinį pranašumą šiame sektoriuje lemiantys veiksniai Lietuvoje. Remiantis sudaryta metodika atliktas mažmeninės prekybos įmonių tinklų, prekiaujančių kasdienės paklausos prekėmis, tyrimas. Jo rezultatai leidžia formuoti išvadas apie šio sektoriaus plėtros perspektyvas. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Mažmeninė prekyba; Konkurencingumas; Užsienio investicijos; Retail trade; Competitiveness; Foreign investments.

ENDevelopment of each economic sector is influenced by many factors. Development of retail trade sector is influenced by interaction of these factors: investments, legal regulations, new technologies, new forms of work organization, production of consumer goods, economic globalization, changes of personal consumption, residents' income, their mobility, the whole complex of demographic factors. Many factors influence tendencies of sector development through sector's international competitiveness. The goal of the article - to evaluate factors determining competitive advantage in retail trade sector in Lithuania and perspectives of sector's development, considering influence of foreign direct investment. Based on M.E.Porter (1998) competitive advantage theory, that is often called "diamond", competitive advantage can be reached by analyzing and matching four factors: factors terms, demand conditions, interdependent and each other supporting fields of economy, company strategy, structure, and competition. M.E. Porter (1998) also describes unforeseen circumstances, chances and government's role, that are not included into his model, however these factors also influence national environment. Companies gain competitive advantage in economy field when above mentioned factors' conditions are favorable in the country. Seeking to find out how foreign direct investments influence development of retail trade in consumer goods sector in Lithuania, research was carried out based on methodic of evaluation of foreign direct investments and competition in retail trade sector created by the authors. One of main factors influencing development of the sector is intensiveness of competition between the large companies of the sector. Thus retail trade companies' chains, selling consumer goods, were chosen for the research.During the research the following was found out: direct investments of foreign companies in Lithuanian retail trade companies' chains increase the competitiveness of the company in the economy field, help to increase company's market share, however it does not assure the leading positions of the company in the market; the competitive advantage in the market is assured by fast development of companies trade chain, acceptable prices of the goods for the customers, wide assortment of goods, convenient place of the shop; competitive advantages of regional retail trade companies' chains - effective management, strategy, effective cost accounting, etc; evaluating M.E.Porter (1998) influence of factors of competitive advantage to competitiveness of Lithuanian retail trade in consumer goods sector and its development perspectives, a conclusion can be made, that not paying attention to some imperfections, this sector, especially if more foreign direct investments are attracted and supervision institutions of retail trade territorial planning are established, is perspective. When Lithuanian retail trade companies' chains merge and increase, more foreign direct investments will be attracted and this will help the company to assure competitive advantage in the market and will influence faster processes of international competition. [From the publication]