Teoriniai regionų plėtros aspektai

LTŠiame straipsnyje nagrinėjami teoriniai regioninės plėtros ir planavimo klausimai. Pateikiamos įvairios regioninės plėtros teorijos, apibūdinant pagrindines jų nuostatas bei pagrindžiant jų taikymo galimybes Lietuvos regioninės plėtros politikoje. Lietuvoje šiuo metu nėra adaptuotos strateginio planavimo metodikos, nevienodai interpretuojama regiono samprata bei ryšys tarp regioninio ir teritorinio planavimo. Taigi pagrindinis straipsnio tikslas yra išanalizuoti teorinius regionų plėtros principus bei jų taikymo Lietuvoje galimybes. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Regionai; Regionų plėtra; Regioninės plėtros teorijos; Region; Region development; Theories of regional development.

ENThere are few theories of regional growth or development. Most of them are simply national growth models applied to regions. This is often rationalised on the basis that the sources of growth are the same. However there' may be significant differences in the constraints on a region as opposed to those faced by a nation. The analysis of three regional growth theories: stages, staples and urban scale economies is presented seeking to derive valuable statements and models for the Lithuanian regional development policy which can be characterised as methodologically weak and fragmentai. Stages theory of growth developed by Walter Rostow enjoyed great popularity in the 1950 among developing countries and had a marked influence on the regional development policies of the developed countries, especially during the 1960. The staples theory, originally developed by Henry Innis, assumes that the basic impetus for development is the foreign demand for country's or region's major exports. Urban scale economics theory is focused on one aspect of the function of the city: the urban area as an engine of growth because of its assumed scale advantages. These are often referred as agglomeration economics, localisation economics and urbanisation economies. The regional development policy in Lithuania is based on the possibilities to attract foreign capital. The most attractive for the foreign investments districts are in the western part of Lithuania, including Klaipeda region, Klaipeda City and Palanga resort, Mažeikiai district and Akmene district.Also for the foreign investor attractive is the central part of Lithuanian territory, including Kaunas City, Jonava, Kėdainiai and Kaišiadorys districts. In southeastern part foreign investments are located in Vilnius City, Vilnius and Varena districts. In these regions and cities we can define the biggest amount of foreign investments per capita. At present the distribution of foreign capital fully correspond the arrangement of old enterprises. In order to ensure an equal distribution of foreign capital in Lithuanian districts a successful regional policy must be developed based on the experience of foreign countries and especially on the findings developed by classical economic theories. [From the publication]