Linksniai šnekamojoje kalboje

LTReikšminiai žodžiai: Dažnumas; Gramatinis linksnis; Konkretusis linksnis; Linksniai; Linksnio kategorija; Linksnio vartojimas; Linksnis; Rašytinė kalba; Sakytinė kalba; Sakytinė lietuvių kalba; Sintaksinė funkcija; Sintaksinės ir semantinės funkcijos; Vaiko kalba; Vaikų kalba; Vardininkas; Case; Case usage; Cases; Category of case; Child language; Child speech; Concrete case; Frequency; Grammatical case; Nominative; Spoken Lithuanian; Spoken language; Syntactic and semantic functions; Syntactic function; Written language.

ENOur main focus in the discussion of case usage in Rūta's and Mother's speech is related to two topics: first, the relevant statistical data and second, the analysis of the functions performed by the cases under discussion. The starting point of our analysis is the classification of cases proposed by Kurylowicz (1964). Grammatical cases are analysed from the point of view of their syntactic functions, whereas concrete cases are discussed with respect to the semantic functions they are used to perform. Our hypothesis is that from a statistical point of view the frequency of occurrence of a certain case is inversely proportional to the degree of the functional markedness of a specific case. Due to the lack of research data, not much can be said about the statistics concerning the use of cases in spoken Lithuanian. However, the tendencies in the use of cases in written Lithuanian are the same, that is, grammatical cases are more frequent than concrete ones. The analysis of the data based on Mother's speech allows us to make an assumption that adult speech could actually exhibit certain differences only in terms of statistics: it can be posited that the frequency of occurrence of the nominative case would be somewhat lower. This can be explained by the fact that child language, as well as child-directed speech, is characterized by a frequent use of the nominative case. This is especially true of the early periods of language acquisition. [text from author]