Kaimo plėtros politikos formavimas, įgyvendinant Jono Prano Aleksos Lietuvos viziją

LTStraipsnyje apžvelgiamas prieškario Lietuvos ilgamečio žemės ūkio ir valstybės turtų ministro, ekonomisto ir sociologo mokslinis palikimas, sukauptas daugiausia dvidešimtojo amžiaus trečiajame ir ketvirtajame dešimtmetyje. Tuo laikotarpiu buvo įvykdyta kardinali žemės reforma. Per gana trumpą laiką susiformavo gausi šeimos ūkių sistema, sąlygojusi naujos socialinės klasės – ūkininkų atsiradimą. Savarankiškai veiklą planuojančių ūkininkų ir verslininkų įtakos stiprėjimas sąlygojo viduriniosios klasės – svarbiausios pilietinės visuomenės dalies, jautusios savo atsakomybę už valstybės raidą, formavimąsi. Lietuvoje atsirado nauja šeimos būsto – vienkieminė ūkininko sodybos samprata, sustiprėjo kaimiškųjų vietovių vaidmuo valstybės ekonomikoje, ypač jos eksporto struktūroje ir nacionalinės valiutos vertės stiprėjime. Atkūrus Lietuvos nepriklausomybę po penkis dešimtmečius užtrukusios aneksijos tenka spręsti analogiškus socialinius ir ekonominius uždavinius visiškai pasikeitusioje globalioje aplinkoje. Vėl iškyla savarankiško ir samdomo darbo santykio, ūkių dydžio, agrarinės veiklos turinio, kurį sąlygoja nuolat kintanti produkcijos paklausa, miesto ir kaimo partnerystės klausimai. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Kaimo raida; Mokslinis palikimas; Samdomas darbuotojas; Strategija; Verslo savininkas; Šeimos ūkis; Ūkio diversifikacija; Business owner; Diversification of economy; Family farm; Hired worker; Post soviet region; Rural development; Rural economy; Scientific heritage; Strategy.

ENThe article deals with the possibilities for contemporary implementation of the scientific heritage of Lithuania’s former long-term Minister of Agriculture and State-owned treasures, collected mostly during the 2nd and the 3rd decades of last century. Jona s Pranas Aleksa is a famous economist and sociologist, Professor of Vilnius University and Soviet-era Siberian sufferer. He was among the first organizers of the democratic land reform in the independent Republic of Lithuania in 1918–1940, i.e. before the Soviet occupation. This reform has stimulated a creation of rural grange system and determination of the rational size of farms. J. P. Aleksa is also known as a creator and the first President of Lithuanian Chamber of Agriculture, an author of many scientific publications on agricultural and rural development issues. He used to analyze the role of farmers in the modern society, discrepancy between social statuses of owners and hired workers, possibility for economic activity diversification in low urbanized and remote area s. Professor J. P. Aleksa also described a significance of small and medium self-owned businesses for a personality and the whole democratic society. He has proven the importance of small and medium businessmen for the development of civil and patriotic society. J. P. Aleksa has also described the main obstacles for the formation of the modern rural development strategy. He has shown an archaic notion of rural areas as the biggest cumber for the implementation of the new strategy in remote and low urbanized and sparsely populated localities.All these issues are extremely relevant to the modern rural development after the restoration of Lithuania’s independence in 1990. Lithuanian society has to revaluate the scientific heritage and past experience of the independent Republic of Lithuania (1918–1940) and to examine the contemporary experience of the Western European countries in sustainable development of regions with the different level of urbanization. The main obstacle for the realization of new strategies in Lithuania also lies in the old-fashioned view to agrarian sector and current possibilities of rural area s. Education of civil society in the post-soviet regions has to be recognized as the most difficult challenge to the restoration of democracy. The current situation in Lithuania’s low urbanized and remote areas should be seen as extremely complicated. The population in these localities is waiting for radical economic and social changes to avoid the stagnancy and to start the implementation of new rural development policy. It has to include the wide diversification of economic activity, creation of new jobs, planning of modern settlements and homesteads for educated people, etc. One of the most important issues for the new social policy lies in the amplification of citizens with native land and their own state. Increasing in the number of land owners can serve as one of the most powerful factors for the revaluation of people notions and creation of the new citizen’s position. Rural areas have to become a valuable part of the overall state economy. [From the publication]

• Vadyba / Management
• Ekonomika / Economics
• Sociologija / Sociology