Žvyninių šarvų plokštelės Vilniaus pilių teritorijoje

LTStraipsnyje analizuojamos XIV a. pabaigos - XV a. pradžios žvyninių šarvų plokštelės iš Vilniaus pilių teritorijos. Ši dar menkai tyrinėta tema leidžia plačiau apžvelgti Vilniaus pilių įgulos ir LDK kariuomenės šarvų konstrukciją bei raidą. Šarvų plokštelių analizė parodė, kad XIV a. pabaigoje - XVa. pradžioje kai kurie LDK karių naudoti šarvų elementai turėjo sąsajų su to laikotarpio ir kiek ankstyvesniais Rytų slavų žemėse bei Vakarų Europoje naudotais šarvais. Taip pat aptikta ir analogų neturinčių žvyninių šarvų potipių, kuriuos tikriausiai galima sieti ir su vietiniais šarvų gamintojais. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Žvyniniai šarvai; Viduramžiai; Karyba; Vilnius; Scale armour; Medieval; Warfare; Vilnius.

ENThree different types of armour with small plates can be distinguished in the archaeological material from the grounds of the castles in Vilnius. This article discusses one of them, scale armour. This type of armour consists of small plates arranged on the scale (or roof tile) principle and riveted and/or sewn to a textile or leather base. Usually the scales have a rectangular or flat roof tile shape that is rounded at the bottom. The 'roof tile' method of attaching these small plates did not change to the end of the use of scale armour. The armour plates were attached differently at various times in different regions. The shape of the plates also differed somewhat. Usually the earliest scales were sewn to the base material. Somewhat later the scales began to be riveted and then a sewn and riveted method appeared for fastening these scales. The scales discovered in Vilnius were attached using this last method. During the period in question, scale armour is known in both the lands of the Eastern Slavs, where they have also been recorded archaeologically, and in Western Europe, where they are known only from iconography. Therefore it is possible to compare them archaeologically only with plates discovered to the east of Lithuania. In excavating the grounds of the castles in Vilnius, besides 10 isolated scale armour plates, a set of 28 scales was also discovered. Thus, the total number of scale plates found at the castles in Vilnius is exceeded only by the number of such plates discovered archaeologically in Veliky Novgorod and Pskov. Nevertheless, some plates from Vilnius are unique and have no analogy, thus adding new subtypes to the scale armour type.Plates with three rivets, those with small buckles, and decorated, gilded plates, which attest to the popularity of such armour among persons of noble birth, can be called exceptional. In all, five different subtypes and five variants can be distinguished among investigated armour plates. In Vilnius Lower Castle, this armour type should be dated to the late 14th - first half of the 15th century. It is possible to explain the large concentration of scale armour plates during the period in question due to the intense military conflict in Vilnius at that time. [From the publication]