Lietuvos Respublikos Baudžiamasis kodeksas ir naujos baudžiamosios politikos teisiniai pagrindai

LTStraipsnyje analizuojamos naujojo Baudžiamojo kodekso (toliau – BK) baudžiamosios politikos nuostatos. Teigiama, kad naujojo BK nuostatos turės įtakos baudžiamosios politikos švelnėjimui. Autorius bando pagrįsti tokią išvadą analizuodamas įstatymų leidėjo požiūrį į veikų kriminalizavimą ir dekriminalizavimą. Analizuojamas ir lyginamas požiūris į veikų baudžiamumą. Daroma išvada, kad naujojo BK veikų baudžiamumo nuostatos apskritai yra švelnesnės. Analizuojama baudžiamojo nusižengimo sąvokos įvedimo reikšmė baudžiamosios politikos požiūriu, mažareikšmės veikos sąvokos pokyčiai ir su tuo susiję teisiniai padariniai. Analizuojamos naujojo BK spragos, įstatymai, priimti jau įsigaliojus naujajam BK, jų taikymo problemos. Naujojo BK nuostatos analizuojamos ir baudžiamųjų įstatymų galiojimo laike požiūriu. Nagrinėjama veikų perkvalifikavimo bei bausmių švelninimo metodika. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Baudžiamasis kodeksas; Baudžiamoji politika; Criminal code; Criminal policy; Lithuania; Lithuania, new criminal code, criminal policy.

ENThe article deals with problem of criminal policy after taking into action provisions of the new Penal Code of Lithuania, adopted in September 26, 2000. The author starts describing the directions in criminal policy after proclaiming independence in 1990 till 2000. He points out two periods: first 1990-1997 and the second 1998-2003. 1997-1998 was crucial time of change in criminal policy. The author touches upon and investigates problems emerging due to criminalization and decriminalization of particular offences in the new Code. He provides patterns of deeds that are not included in the new Penal Code. Further the author provides examples and arguments why he finds that the new Penal Code provides for the grounds for more modest criminal policy. They are following: 1. The new Penal Code abolishes supplementary penalties and provides for the rule - one penalty for one offence. 2. As a rule sanctions for particular offences include two or more alternatives to imprisonment. 3. Minimum term of imprisonment for particular offences is lowered and in major sanctions is three months. The author investigates impacts of notion of criminal offences on criminal policy.He comes to conclusion that in some cases notion of criminal offence can be considered as tightening of criminal policy, but in other cases it can be considered as a step towards more lenient criminal policy. Further the author investigates the impact of new provisions of the Code on particular categories of offenders. He observes the cases are still in courts or have been already resolved and outcome of the new Code towards such an offenders. The author deals with the provisions of the article 3 of the Penal Code on temporal validity of criminal laws. He draws particular attention to the gaps in the new Penal Code and their consequences after making amendments to the Penal Code by the Law of July 4, 2003. He pays attention to the most difficult situations when applying provisions of the article 3 of the Penal Code. [From the publication]