Elektroninė forma ir elektroninis parašas: Lietuvos teisinė bazė globaliame kontekste

LTStraipsnyje, siekiant įvertinti Lietuvoje egzistuojantį teisinį reglamentavimą ir teisinę praktika elektroninės formos bei elektroninio parašo srityse, taip pat siekiant atskleisti galimus jų trukumus, analizuojamos atitinkamos tarptautinės tendencijos, pagrindiniai principai, kitų valstybių ir nacionalinis teisinis reglamentavimas bei praktika. Atskirai analizuojami elektroninių sutarčių prilyginimo rašytinėms sutartims, elektroninės formos įrodomosios galios teismo procese, elektroninio parašo ir elektroninio parašo sertifikavimo klausimai. Išanalizavus šiuos klausimus pateikiamos išvados ir pasiūlymai. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Civilinė teisė; Elektroninio parašo saugumo lygiai; Elektroninis parašas; Elektroninė forma; Informatikos teisė; Sertifikavimo paslaugų tiekėjas; Įrodomoji elektoninės formos galia; Certification authorities; Civil Law; Computer Law; Electronic Signature; Electronic form; Evidential value of electronic form; Safety levels of lektronic signature.

ENThe current state of regulation and case law concerning electronic form and electronic signature in Lithuania is analyzed in the light of tendencies of international law and law of other countries. Particular issues dealt with are evidential value of electronic form in legal proceedings, equivalence between written and electronic contracts, problematic aspects of electronic signature and certification of electronic signature. Special attention is paid to the relevant provisions of the Civil Code and the Civil Procedure Code, as well as to the Law of Information Society Services and Electronic Signature Law. They are assessed under the principles of non-discrimination of electronic form, technological neutrality and functional equivalence that are enshrined in the UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce and United Nations Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts. Art. 1.73 (2) of the Civil Code, where the requirements of securing protection of text in an electronic message and the possibility to identify an electronic signature are established as preconditions of equating data message with a written document, is analyzed. It is observed that in legal writings the provision was often interpreted as requiring the use of secure electronic signature. In the light of the analyzed international tendencies and principles in the field, it is suggested that the condition of "securing protection of text" should be interpreted as requiring to ensure the possibility to save the electronic message so that it would be possible to revise it later.It is also argued that the "possibility to identify an electronic signature" should be interpreted as a possibility to identify the parties to the contract and their intention to sign and confirm the content of the message. It is observed that recent changes of the Civil Procedure Code have brought legal uncertainty as to the evidential value of electronic evidence. Considering Art. 23(2) of Council Regulation (EC) No. 44/2001 and the above-mentioned main international principles in the field, it is suggested that when assessing whether a particular electronic document can be acknowledged to be a written document, the main criterion should be the possibility to save it so that it would be possible to revise it later. It is proposed to add a provision enshrining this criterion to the Civil Procedure Code. It is suggested that all electronic data that indicate the identity of a person and his intent to sign and confirm the content of the message should be considered to be electronic signature, without a further compulsory requirement of certification authority taking part in the process of creating electronic signature. Electronic signature should not be equated to secure electronic signature, because such interpretation impedes the development of electronic commerce in Lithuania and places Lithuanian business entities at a disadvantage when concluding international electronic contracts. It is proposed that a more liberal regulation of certification authorities' activities in Lithuania would be positive, entitling these authorities to issue certificates of lower safety level as well. That would provide the users of electronic communications with a possibility to choose certificates that serve their needs in the best way. [From the publication]

• Teisė / Law
• Komunikacija / Communication