Tradicinės architektūros tęstinumas šiuolaikiniame kaime

LTTradicinės architektūros tęstinumo šiandieniniame Lietuvos kaime klausimus šiame straipsnyje siūlome spręsti, išskiriant pagrindinius jos sandaros bruožus. Šie bruožai kartoja mus supančioje gamtoje esančius dėmenis, kraštovaizdžiui būdingus erdvių derinimo ypatumus. Svarbu atsižvelgti ir į regioninius požymius. Nuo XX amžiaus pirmosios pusės ir iki šiol teiktuose projektiniuose siūlymuose į šį aspektą nepakankamai atsižvelgta. Kintant gyvensenai ir funkcinių erdvių poreikiui, būtina rasti išraiškos priemones, atitinkančias vidinę architektūros paveldo raidos logiką nustatyti, kurios dalys jau yra pribrendusios pokyčiams, o kurios gali ir turi išsaugoti senąsias formas. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Medinė architektūra; Regioniniai bruožai; Struktūriniai ir regioniai bruožai; Struktūriniai požymiai; Tradicinė Lietuvos kaimo architektūra; Tradicinė architektūra; Tęstinumas; Continuity; Lithuanian traditional rural architecture; Structural and regional features; Stuctural and regional features; Traditional architecture; Wooden architecture.

EN[…] This article concerns development perspective of the building tradition and inherited homestead through its structural analysis. […] It is based on the hypothesis that vernacular architecture reflects the surrounding elements of nature as well as characteristic peculiarities of space coordination in the landscape occurs. From the beginning of the twentieth century till now there were some attempts to ensure regional features of vernacular architecture, but the proposals of structural analysis are insufficient and lack regional characteristics. It is necessary to find means of expression, of the functional space purpose with consistency of an internal logic of this development. It is also necessary to determine which parts have already lost its function and the other which can and should preserve its old forms. Recently published catalogue of the designed architectural examples "Vernacular architecture: East Lithuania" (Kaimo statyba: Rytų Aukštaitija, 2011) is an attempt to put into practice the theoretical insights as well as to illustrate this article. It offers solutions to the problems and suggestions to use structural means. The history selects values and time gives a sense to this heritage. Since the old rural tradition does not comply with contemporary economical interest in the world of globalization and industrialization we cannot blindly rely on it. Changes and evolution on historical processes are based on public consciousness which today is highly diverse often even splits into opposite camps. The same situation is valid for the professional communities. The only one right way to find solution is dialogue and discussion for common denominators between the academic society and the public.Post-modem world can coexist in different cultural forms but still remains a question of cultural integrity of different natural areas, interaction between them, coordination of the artifacts principles and conditions. Therefore in terms of continuing / living tradition is important to establish the basic consistent patterns and forms for modeling architecture in a contemporary life. […] Rural community has become much more fragmented. Rapid change of homestead owners from an old generation to the new changed its purpose from a village farm to "leisure gardening". Town-dweller approach to the village is threatening and unfriendly, it can destroy the traditional values and meanings formed during the centuries. Therefore in consideration of this process public education is so important. None the less important is consensus of the professionals / architects to decide the main features of architecture as most valuable to use in their projects. The fundamental principles of vernacular architecture describe the concepts of unity, relevance, tectonic, hierarchy, moderation / temperance. In addition they accord /correspond with the formal laws of design – proportion, symmetry, rhythm, and nuance. It is important to target the logic on structural planning typological labeling and decoration. Features visible from a distance as buildings, green placement, silhouette configuration, shapes character, proportions and colors strongly influence the landscape. It is believable that regional features of vernacular architecture are not straightforward – they meet on structural level, correlate with the specific features of natural environment and this field has the prospect for further research. [From the publication]

• Etnologija / Ethnology
• Menotyra / Arts
• Istorija / History