Naujažodžiai su dėmeniu "(-)tinkl-"

LTPastarąjį dešimtmetį vartosenoje pasirodė per šimtą dvidešimt naujažodžių - naujų darinių, turinčių dėmenį (-)tinkl-, pvz.: ikitinklinis, įtinklinti, tinklaraštininkauti, tinklumas, tinklalapynas, supertinklas, tinklaerdvė, plepatinklis, mikrotinklaraštininkas. Jie yra šio straipsnio objektas: atliekama kokybinė ir kiekybinė 123 naujažodžių struktūros ir vartosenos analizė - pasiskirstymas pagal kalbos dalis, kilmę, darybos būdus ir tipus, darybos kategorijas. Aptariami naujų darinių tipiškumo ir (glaustai) su jais susiję santykio su įvairiašakniais dubletiniais naujaisiais skoliniais, jų funkcijų bei leksikalizacijos ir socializacijos, t. y. įsitvirtinimo kalbos sistemoje ir vartosenoje, klausimai. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Naujažodžiai; Naujadarai; Daryba; Darybos būdas; Darybos tipas; Neologism; New coinage; Word-building.

ENThe paper examines the structure and usage of 123 recently adopted neologisms, or new words, with the element -tinkl- from the quantitative and qualitative point of view. The analysis focuses on new coinages within the word-building entry of the noun tinklas ('network') and their distribution according to part of speech, origin, ways and types of word-building. An attempt is made to discuss issues of typicality of new coinages as well as related issues of their relationship with alternative new loan words (containing various roots), functions as well as lexicalisation and socialization, or their entrenchment in the language system and actual usage. As an established tendency in periods of nomination development, among neologisms nouns clearly prevail (77 per cent). A large number of neologisms have emerged as equivalents of new loan words performing a referential function, e.g. žiniatinklis (also vebas) ('web'). Therefore, it seems natural that Lithuanian coinages make up the majority (80 per cent) of all researched neologisms. Thus word building remains an important counterpart of borrowing, the other way of emerging neologisms. However, we also have neologisms which could be hardly related to any specific loan words, including words with stylistic connotations, performing an emotive and expressive, metalinguistic and other functions, characteristic of post-modern society, e.g. plepatinklis (~'chatter-web'). Most neologisms should be treated as typical coinages. About half of them (48 per cent) are compounds, e.g. tinkladraugis (~'web-pal'). The abundance of compounds, which previously were not so frequent in Lithuanian, has confirmed a clearly identifiable tendency in their increase during the last decades.It might be concerned with a need to more detailed nomination, which makes our communication easier. The need is seen in an attempt to bring lexical and derivational meanings closer to each other. The second most frequent neologisms are suffixal derivatives (36 per cent), e.g. tinklija. About one tenth (11 per cent) of new coinages are prefixal derivatives, e.g. potinklis ('subweb'). Reflexive and inflectional derivatives are very rare. Most productive are the formants -imas and -ininkas building abstract verbs and carriers of features, e.g. tinklaraštinimas ('putting up on the webpage'), tinklaraštininkas ('author of a webpage'). Other new coinages (about one third of all the data) constitute the derivational basis of almost one sixth of the neologisms with the element (-)tinkl-. Of all derivational entries, the most abundant is the derivational entry of the noun tinklaraštis ('webpage', 27 coinages), e.g. tinklaraštis —» tinklaraštininkas, tinklaraštinis, tinklaraštija, tinklaraštynas, audiotinklaraštis. Fast processes of lexicalisation and socialisation, which include the emergence of new derivational patterns, particularly frequent usage of some neologisms, competitiveness with loan words consisting of various roots and with their equivalents, electronic discourse favourable to many neologisms with the element (-)tinkl- lead to a discussion about linguistic insights of individual authors and the society and further development of the paradigm. [From the publication]