Du prūsai ir švedas - žinios apie Durbės mūšio dalyvius

LTStraipsnyje apibendrinami duomenys apie tris Durbės mūšio dalyvius (pamedėną Matto, sembą Sklodą, švedų didiką Jonkerį Karlą Ulfssoną). Aptariama jų socialinė aplinka, gyvenimo aplinkybės, vaidmuo mūšio metu platesniame karybos ir elgsenos istorijos kontekstuose. Nagrinėjama informacijos apie Jonkerio Karlo Ulfssono žūtį sklaidos raida vokiškuose, švediškuose istorijos šaltiniuose ir skirtingų šalių istoriografijoje. Taip pat „Eriko kronika“ žinios apie Durbės mūšį. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Durbės mūšis; Eriko kronika; Jonkeris Karlas Ulffsonas; Jonkeris Karlas Ulfsonas; Jonkeris Karlas Ulfssonas; Karyba; Mato; Matto; Sklodas; Vokiečių Ordinas (Teutonic Order; Kryžiuočių ordinas); Battle of Durbe; Battle of Durbė; Erikskonik; Erikskronika; Jonker Karl Ulffson; Jonker Karl Ulfsoon; Jonker Karl Ulfsson; Mato; Matto; Military practice; Military practise; Sklodo; The Batle of Durbė; The Teutonic Order; Warfare.

ENHistorical sources mentioned the names of three participants of the battle of Durbe who were not knights of the Teutonic Order. Petrus de Dusburg in his Chronicon terrae Prussiae mentioned two Prussian nobles who were involved in battle of Durbe, a Pomesanian Matto and a Sambian Sklodo (Sclodo, Sclode). After fighting with the Teutonic Order, both families chose to baptize and to serve the Order. In the speech of the Sambian Sklodo, recorded by the chronicler, the significance of the gifts and the response to the gifts in the relationships of the Order and the surrendering Prussian nobility were reflected. The proposal of the Prussian nobleman Pomesanian Matto (Matte) to take the knights of the Teutonic Order down from their horses and meet Samogitians is based on the traditional military practice of the Baits. Similar tactics to reinforce infantry by better armed and armoured knights taken down from their horses was well known in Christian Europe. In the 13th c, it was sometimes applied against more numerous heavy-weight cavalry. The knights objected to Matto's proposal and, as a consequence, the army of the Teutonic Order with its allies suffered defeat.The description of an episode from the battle of Durbe, presented in the Swedish Erikskronika in the 14th c. and in Simon Grunau's chronicles of the 16th c, raised some still unanswered questions about the dissemination of information and the burial of the perished. German and Swedish historical sources related the episode to the perishing of a Swedish nobleman Carl Jonker Ulfsson. It was likely to be reflected in Danish, Schleswig, and Braunschweig chronicles which have not been researched on that point. To date, Scandinavian (Swedish and Danish) sources of the 13th to the 15th c. were little used to research into the events in Prussia, Samogitia, the Lithuanian Grand Duchy, and partly in Livonia. [From the publication]