Pensijų sistemos reforma Lietuvoje : antrosios pakopos kūrimo ypatumai ir rezultatai

LTStraipsnyje nagrinėjama Lietuvos pensijų reformos eiga, antrosios pensijų sistemos pakopos - kaupiamųjų pensijų fondų - kūrimosi ypatumai. Aptariami ir vertinami pirmieji pensijų reformos rezultatai, atskleidžiamos jos vykdymo metu išryškėjusios problemos. Straipsnyje autoriai remiasi atliktos pensijų sistemos reformos dalyvių (klientų) apklausos Lietuvoje rezultatais. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Pensijų sistemos reforma; Kaupiamieji pensijų fondai; Antroji pensijų sistemos pakopa; Trečioji pensijų sistemos pakopa; Pension system reform; Pension funds; Second pillar of pension system; Third pillar of pension system.

ENAssuring the decent life standard for the citizens in the declension of years is one of the main components of social security policy; therefore each government must capacitate the pension system to operate normally. Historically, the world came to a situation when the pension systems in most of the countries were and remain to be public. In our days of ageing population increasing number of countries, all over the world reform their pension systems, seeking for better results and efficiency. Lithuanian government has also launched the pension reform (2004). The core of this reform is a switch to the three pillar pension system. Next to the existing national insurance pillar, second and third pillars, which are based on accumulative pension funds, are being formed. The information about the course of Lithuanian pension reform, as well as statistics, is being published in various periodicals and web sites, but it is fragmentary and reflects rather quantitative than qualitative results of carried reform. In short term, quantitative rates demonstrate the success of the launched reform. Yet the real success of the reform will show up only in a long term, when it will be possible to evaluate if a new pension system answer the expectations of its participants. Therefore, it is important even at present to analyse how people, who undergo this reform, assess it, what are their aspiration, expectations and how realistic they are, in accordance with the first quantitative results of pension funds activities and decision-making.In Lithuania, as well as in 25 countries of European Union, the three pillar pension system reform is being implemented: the first pillar - retirement pension, securing subsistence level (administrated by government institutions), the second pillar - compulsory pension insurance which assures pension reliant to a contribution size (administrated by government institutions and private funds) and the third pillar - voluntary pension insurance (administrated by private pension funds). Establishing private funds is a fundamental part of Lithuanian pension reform; funds are established as alternative institutions and competitors to an existed monopolist in social security market - SODRA. Nevertheless, the individual accumulative account system led by accumulative pension funds motivates the citizens to be responsible for their own future. In odder to identify the reasons, which influenced the respondents to choose a particular fund, and workmanship of fund personnel and to ascertain the level of public knowledge in various matters of pension reform, the inquiry of Lithuanian accumulation pension fund clients was held. During the research it turned out that more than a half of the respondents' state reliability and guarantee as the main factors influencing their choice of fund. Most of the respondents positively evaluated the workmanship of funds personnel and quality of provided service.The survey shows that most of the respondents are satisfied with the Lithuanian pension system reform. Low level of customer information in several fundamental aspects of pension reform shows the unused possibilities of fund perfection. We might state, that there is only a small chance for the third pillar to have big perspectives. The research shows, that the reform did not come to some respondents expectations, which might condition certain movements between funds after September 1, 2006. To sum up the results of the research, one might state that the three pillar pension system reform, which is being implemented in Lithuania, coincide such reforms in EU countries and the reform implementation pace is rapid. However, the survey shows that part of the citizens who undergo this reform are not satisfied neither with quantitative nor qualitative results of the reform. [From the publication]