Fenomenologijos, kaip kokybinės diagnostikos metodo, taikymas socialiniuose moksluose

• Vaivada, Saulius
• Blinstrubas, Artūras

LTSocialiniai tyrimai, pasirinkus fenomenologija grįstos kokybinės diagnostikos strategiją, orientuojami į žmogaus patirtį ir šios patirties išraišką žodžiais, jais siekiama atskleisti žmonių patirties įvairovę ir prasmę. Fenomenologija siekia atskleisti fenomeną (kas tai?) ir būdą, kuriuo šis fenomenas atsiranda (kaip?). Straipsnyje pristatomi atlikto taikomojo fenomenologinio tyrimo dizainas ir atskiri rezultatų fragmentai pagrindžiant metodologinius fenomenologijos parametrus – metodologinį išskirtinumą, tikslą, tyrimo proceso specifiką, pagrindines kokybinio tyrimo charakteristikas, kokybinės turinio (content) duomenų analizės bei fenomenų aprašymo pavyzdžius. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Fe nomenologija; Fenomenas; Fenomenologija; Fenomenologija, fenomenas, individualus giluminis interviu, kokybinė turinio analizė, fenomenologinė analizė; Fenomenologinė analizė; Individualusis giluminis interviu; Kokybinė turinio (content) analizė; In-depth interview; Phenomenological analysis; Phenomenology; Phenomenology, phenomenon; Phenomenology, phenomenon, in-depth interviu, qualitative content analysis, phenomenological analysis; Phenomenon; Qualitative content analysis.

ENSocial studies having selected the strategy of quality diagnostics based on phenomenology are oriented towards human experience and the verbal expression of such experience striving to reveal the variety and meaning of human experience. Phenomenology pursues to reveal a phenomenon (what is it?) and the way of emerging of such phenomenon (how?). In the article, there are presented the design of the performed applied phenomenological study and separate fragments of the results basing the methodological parameters of phenomenology – methodological oneness, purpose, specifics of the research process, main characteristics of the qualitative research, samples of the qualitative content analysis as well as of the descriptions of phenomena. The actual scientific problem is expressed by the problematical question, such as: What is the methodological oneness of phenomenology collecting and analyzing qualitative diagnostic data in social studies? In accordance with fragments of the qualitatively performed research, phenomenology as the method of qualitative diagnostics, application of the strategy and specificity in social sciences are justified and illustrated in the article. The following research methods were used: theoretical (analysis, generalization, synthesis) and empirical (in-depth interview, qualitative analysis of the content, phenomenological analysis). The aim of phenomenology as the strategy of qualitative research is to explore phenomena revealing the nature and methods of human experiences and the object of phenomenology, which is based on the qualitative research, as well as the knowledge of informants about obtained experiences and the construct of their experiences (the content of consciousness).The essential requirements of qualitative research performing phenomenological research were leading; the methods of qualitative diagnostic were used for data collecting, the taken scope, selection method and collected informative data determined the scope of informants; the accumulation of data was performed in compliance with the principles of openness, communication, naturalness, flexibility and interpretation; the quality of the research was estimated in consideration of the validity and reliability thereof. Phenomenological data analysis was often combined with the qualitative content analysis. In cases where the qualitative analysis of content pursued to distinguish similarities and differences between categories and codes going deeper into the object and context of the research, the phenomenological analysis revealed the meaning of the expression, organizing and describing data in a specific language and deepening into the expression of the phenomenon structure. [From the publication]

• Sociologija / Sociology
• Edukologija / Education