Pataisos įstaigų darbuotojų ir nuteistųjų konstruktyvioji sąveika

• Dermontas, Julius
• Liutikas, Ramūnas

LTStraipsnyje tyrinėjama Lietuvos pataisos įstaigų (PĮ) darbuotojų ir nuteistųjų konstruktyvioji sąveika per pastaruosius 20 metų. Konstruktyvioji sąveika yra viena iš svarbiausių problemų, kylančių tobulinant penitencinę sistemą. Konstruktyviosios sąveikos esmė – abipusė empatija ir bendradarbiavimas sprendžiant asmenines ir socialines nuteistųjų problemas. Literatūroje paplitusi sąveikai priešinga sąvoka poveikis (biheviorizme – stimulas, reakcija) ugdo paklusnumą, vergiškumą, nesavarankiškumą, baimę ir nerimą. Straipsnio tikslas – ištirti PĮ darbuotojų ir nuteistųjų sąveiką ir numatyti jos tobulinimo perspektyvas. Tyrimai patvirtino hipotezę, kad nuteistieji, galintys savo poreikius patenkinti doru darbu, padedami darbuotojų išmoksta patys spręsti savo asmenines ir socialines problemas, palaiko humaniškus santykius su darbuotojais ir kitais nuteistaisiais, dorai elgiasi, tampa empatiški ir nepavojingi visuomenei. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Atkuriamasis teisingumas; Empatija; Konstrukcinė sąveika; Parolis; Probacija; Socialinė sąveika; Sąveika; Constructive interaction; Constructive justice; Empathy; Interaction; Parol; Parole; Probation; Recreative justice; Restorative justice; Social interaction.

ENThe problem of contructive interaction S  S1 between penitentiary workers and inmates is a topical issue in Lithuania today. The essence of the constructive interaction is empathy, and the aim of the interaction is to make the members of the interaction more cooperative with each other by solving personal and social problems of inmates. The opposite effect to that interaction - one-way relationships, stimuli  reaction (as behaviourism suggests), brings about unnatural and abnormal behaviour, both of the trainers and their trainees. The aim of the article is to set the peculiarities of the interaction between the employees of the penitentiary institutions and inmates, and anticipate the penitentiary activities and educational interaction. The research has proved the hypothesis that the satisfaction of personality’s needs of inmates by work and their capabilities to solve their personal and social problems improve the human relations between the staff and the inmates, encourage them to change and behave better, and not to commit crimes again, and thus public security is strengthened. The hypothesis that the empathy prevails the relations of the staff of correctional institutions and the inmates was not proved. There was no correlation established between the concerns of the staff and the inmates in the research of 1980-1990 (up to the Restoration of Statehood). Impersonal interaction with empathy lacking predominates. Unfortunately, concerns of the inmates did not become the concerns of the staff of the correctional institutions. This triggers aggressiveness of both the staff and the inmates. Educational-psychological qualification of the staff should be updated (qualified social workers are necessary in correctional institutions for the creation of effective correctional programs and for the provision of educational-psychological help).Since constructive interaction between the staff of correctional institutions and the inmates is regulated by the laws, more efficient legal base for the correctional process is needed. The experience of foreign countries should be considered. The research shows that the Code of the Treatment of Prisoners, or Correctional Code (not the Punishment Code) must be adopted as soon as possible. Penal policy must be improved by social development and solution of personal problems. Alternative sentences must be applied more often (restorative justice, probation and parole - correctional inspectorates). Particular attention should be paid to the creation of humane interrelations between the staff of correctional institutions and the inmates, train wide-profile specialists for correctional institutions who worked as a team. The years from 1990 saw the implementation of innovations in Lithuanian penitentiary system, the changing of custodial sentences into non-custodial ones. However, it would be preferable to have a faster process of innovation. [From the publication]

• Teisė / Law
• Sociologija / Sociology