Pārvaldījuma jēdziens mūsdienu lietuviešu gramatikāi

LTReikšminiai žodžiai: Lietuvių gramatika; Morfologijos aspektas; Sintaksė; Valdymas; Žodžių valdymas; Government; Lithuanian; Lithuanian grammar; Morphological aspect; Syntax.

ENIn the history of grammar more than one decade may be regarded as the present period of time, particularly if no major innovations have been introduced in linguistics. This article deals with the government of words covering the period from 1963 to 2003. The government of words in the Lithuanian grammars is perceived as the ability of the key word to subordinate to a certain case or a case plus preposition irrespective of the meaning of the subordinate forms. Strong and weak government can be distinguished. The strong government implies that a word has to be used with a particular case form, e.g., rašyti laišką, pilnas vandens, whereas the weak government does not necessarily demand it. The word sėdėti may either demand an additional word, e.g., sėdėjome po medžiu or be used independently, e.g., čia mes ilgai sėdėjome. Nearly all syntaxes of the Lithuanian language argue that all cases, except the nominative case, are governed. According to them, even the locative case is subject to the weak government. In the course of time the locative case has been ascribed to the strong government.This argument is based upon the fact that gyventi demands the additional word where. However, gyventi like sėdėti may be used without any case, e.g., mes gerai gyvename. Since 1990 the nominative case has also been considered as subject to government. In this case government is identified with the capacity for adjoining. The verb is regarded as the most emphatic word in the sentence and requires all cases, e.g., rašo - kas rašo, ką rašo, kam rašo, kuo rašo etc. This concept of government is not relevant for inflected languages, because the meanings of morphological forms are not taken into consideration and it does not allow for the explanation of a lot of grammatical phenomena, e.g., the conversion of case and prepositional constructions into adverbs which are never governed because they are not inflected, whereas the dividing line between government and non-government exists between inflected and uninflected words. In respect to morphology it would be logical to regard agreement as the attributive word relationship, government as the objective word relationship and the capacity for adjoining as the adverbial word relationship. [text from author]