Dirbančiųjų su neįgaliaisiais vidinės darnos, gyvenimo kokybės ir streso įveikos ypatumai

• Diržytė, Aistė
• Bandzevičienė, Rita
• Dauderys, Vidminas
• Berniūnienė, Elona

LTŠį dešimtmetį Lietuvoje įvyko esminių pokyčių neįgaliųjų socialinės integracijos, ugdymo, personalo rengimo darbui su neįgaliaisiais srityse. Straipsnyje trumpai apžvelgiami Lietuvoje atlikti dirbančiųjų su neįgaliais asmenimis tyrimai, analizuojamos problemos, iškylančios dirbant su minėtaisiais asmenimis. Taip pat supažindinama su tyrimu, kurio tikslas buvo įvertinti Lietuvoje dirbančių su neįgaliaisiais vidinę darną, gyvenimo kokybę ir psichologinės įtampos mažinimo ypatumus. Grupinio anketavimo būdu buvo apklausti 86 asmenys. Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad dirbančiųjų su neįgaliaisiais vidinė darna yra žymiai silpnesnė nei nurodo kitų tyrimų duomenys, be to, ji susijusi su subjektyviu gyvenimo kokybės vertinimu, o siekiant pagerinti dirbančiųjų su neįgaliaisiais vidinę darną, gyvenimo kokybę ir spręsti su darbu susijusias problemas, dirbantiesiems būtų naudinga savipagalba, psichologinis konsultavimas bei meditacija. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Gyvenimo kokybė; Stresas; Stresas (psichologinė įtampa); Vidinė darna; Įveika; Coping; Quality of life; Sense of coherence; Stress.

ENDuring the past decade, certain changes in the fields of social integration and education of the disabled and staff training for work with the disabled people occurred in Lithuania. Studies dealing with people working with the disabled in Lithuania and a number of problems which they encounter in their daily activities are shortly reviewed in the introduction of the present article. The aim of this study was to estimate the sense of coherence of the people working with mentally impaired individuals as well as their quality of life and peculiarities of the patterns of coping with stress they usually used. The sample of the research consisted of 86 professionals working with the disabled (mentally impaired individuals), 10 males and 76 females, the average of age being 38 years (SD=8,48). The participants of the research were asked to fill a questionnaire composed of three parts: 1) The Scale of Inner Coherence (Antonovky, 1987); 2) The Questionnaire of the Quality of Life (Fayers, 2001); and 3) a special questionnaire for estimating peculiarities of coping with stress based on the investigations by three scholars (Bagdonas, 1999; Ruškus, 2002; Grunewald, 1997). The results of the study showed that the sense of coherence of the people working with mentally impaired individuals was low enough if compared with the scores of inner coherence in the study carried out by Diržytė (2001) in a sample of oncology patients and in a control group.Certain conclusions were made on the basis of the results gathered: 1) the sense of inner coherence of the people working with mentally impaired individuals is related to the subjective estimation of the quality of life; 2) the sense of inner coherence of the people working with mentally impaired individuals is related to the peculiarities of work such as psychological stress, load of tasks, routine, ‘difficult clients’; 3) the quality of life is also related to the peculiarities of work and tension arising from it; the negative aspects of low quality of life are negatively related to such factors of psychological condition as depression, tiredness, vigilance, anorexia, irritability, etc.; 4) in order to improve the quality of life of professionals working with mentally impaired individuals and to solve the problems related to their daily work, certain psychological services such as self-help groups, psychological consulting and meditation would be useful. [From the publication]