Tarp Varšuvos, Gardino ir Vilniaus: Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės Iždo komisijos veiklos pokyčiai 1792–1794 metais

LTPaskutiniaisiais Abiejų Tautų Respublikos gyvavimo metais valstybinės Lenkijos ir Lietuvos institucijos patyrė esminių pokyčių. Per nepilnus penkerius metus net tris kartus buvo pertvarkomas valstybės kariuomenės, policijos, užsienio politikos, švietimo administravimas, naikinamos senos ir kuriamos naujos institucijos. Straipsnyje analizuojami Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės Iždo komisijos pertvarkymai, vykę nuo 1791 m. gegužės 3 d. konstitucijos sužlugdymo 1792 m. vasarą iki 1794 m. sukilimo pradžios, daugiausia dėmesio skiriant institucijos pavaldumo, veiklos organizavimo ir asmeninės sudėties klausimams. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė (LDK; Grand Duchy of Lithuania; GDL); Abiejų Tautų Respublika (ATR; Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów; Žečpospolita; Sandrauga; Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth); Valdymo reformos XVIII a.; Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės Iždo komisija; Valstybės finansų administravimas; Treasury commission; Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth; 18 century rule reforms; Administration of state finances.

ENThe article presents an analysis of reforms in the Treasury Commission of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, which took place from the revocation of the Constitution of May 3, 1791 in the summer of 1792 to the outbreak of the 1794 Uprising. Most attention is paid to the issues of institutional subordination, organisation of activities and personal composition. The analysis of archival documents leads to the conclusion that in the period 1792–1794 the Lithuanian Treasury Commission changed its residence three times: in September 1792 it made a return from Warsaw to Grodno, in June 1793 it moved to Vilnius and, after half a year in Vilnius and considerable investments to the development of infrastructure required for institutional functioning, it had to return to Grodno in the beginning of 1794. The institutional subordination of the Lithuanian Treasury Commission was related to changes in the supreme public government: from 15 September 1792 to 15 September 1793, the institution was subordinate to the General Confederation of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, from 15 September to 23 November 1793 it was accountable to the Sejm of the Polish- Lithuanian Commonwealth and, when the Sejm was not in session, to the Treasury Department of the restored Permanent Council. Formally restored on 15 April 1793, the Permanent Council did not in any way affect the activities of the institution. The period of the rule of the confederation brought substantial negative outcomes to the treasury administration of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the general financial situation in the country.From September 1792 to April 1794, the personal composition of the Lithuanian Treasury Commission changed three times: 1) in 1792, the commissioners nominated in 1786 were brought back to the office; 2) when the Permanent Council resumed its activities in 1793, confederation supporters were appointed commissioners and supplemented the existing number of commissioners in office, 3) guided by the new law of the Permanent Council, in 1793 the Sejm elected the commission of a new composition for a four-year term. In the implementation of resolutions of the Grodno Sejm, the Lithuanian Treasury Commission sought a gradual stabilisation of the financial situation in the state and attempted to ensure its further functioning. However, in spring 1794 the funds accumulated in the treasury for public needs were not used: having betrayed public interests, the commissioners gave over the state treasury to the Russian army. [From the publication]