Socialinio teisingumo įgyvendinimo problematika finansuojant socialinės saugos sistemą

LTStraipsnyje atskleidžiamos pagrindinės socialinio teisingumo koncepcijos, socialinio teisingumo ypatumai socialinės saugos sistemoje, nagrinėjama socialinių garantijų apsaugos reikšmė finansinio deficito sąlygomis, analizuojama, ar einamųjų išmokų sistema ir solidarumo principas užtikrina socialinį teisingumą. Straipsnyje nagrinėjamas einamųjų išmokų finansavimo sistemos ir kaupiamosios finansavimo sistemos santykis, sistemų pranašumai ir trūkumai, atliekama analizė, ar einamųjų išmokų sistemos reikšmės sumažinimas (plečiant kaupiamųjų išmokų sistemą ir mažinant socialinio draudimo išmokas) atitinka socialinio teisingumo sampratą. Autoriai pabrėžia, jog, prieš reformuojant socialinės saugos sistemą, būtina nustatyti, kaip finansavimo trūkumas atsilieps socialinio teisingumo išsaugojimui ir kaip galima laikinai sumažinti einamųjų išmokų sistemos garantijas biudžeto deficito sąlygomis. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Einamųjų išmokų sistema; Finansavimas; Kaupiamoji sistema; Pensijos; Socialinis draudimas; Socialinis teisingumas; Socialinė sauga; Funding system; Pay as you go system; Pensions; Social insurance; Social justice; Social protection.

ENIt is clear that the disagreements on social justice at the political level complicate the task of reforming the social security system under the principles of social justice. The implementation of social justice in the social security system is complicated by the fact that in Lithuania the social security system reforms are chaotic and not systematic. The partisans of the liberal doctrine argue that the pay as you go system can not resist the social security financing deficit and the labour relations. They also argue that the social security systems must be liberalized but there are rarely discussions of the concept of social justice and the whole complexity of social security system changes. However, only a clear vaision of social justice and how it should be ensured that the social justice social security system can ensure potential long-term and sustainable social security system reform, especially since there is no legislation contained in the definition of social justice. Actually, the researchers in Lithuania and in other European countries seek to find the solutions of how to ensure a balance between state social insurance and individual personal responsibility. Here we can remark that there is uncertainty in the social justice concept - how much social justice allows the transferring of responsibility to the individual - how much it is possible to reduce state social guarantees. It depends not only on the social security model in the state but also on the state’s financial situation. The realization of the principle of social justice can be analyzed by classical theories of the social justice.According to French researcher A. Euzeby, dealing with social justice theories, social justice theories can be grouped into several groups: a) libertarian theory; b) utilitarian theory; c) the structural theory of social justice; d) and compensating social justice theory. In summary, it can be noted that the social security system must guarantee adequate levels of benefits for future generations and ensure social justice. The reduction of the pay as you go system guarantees the adoption of funding a system that does not solve the problem - that does not guarantee social justice. The funding benefits scheme can not be introduced into the social security system on the sole basis of return on investment projections because it does not provide social security. The state can not determine such a social benefits system which guarantees only a basic level of income and which admits to meeting only the minimum needs of the individual, but not forming assumptions for the individual to participate in economic and cultural life. Social justice is when the state guarantees a certain amount of benefits in a pay as you go social security system, and when individuals may participate in the voluntary private funded schemes (in addition to promoting the tax advantages). Despite the economic and social problems, the Lithuanian social security system must be geared towards the welfare state, which is understood as social services and an institutional framework to help achieve an adequate standard of living for individuals which allows participation in social-cultural life and improves the quality of life of individuals. [From the publication]

• Teisė / Law
• Vadyba / Management
• Ekonomika / Economics
• Sociologija / Sociology