Bendrovės vadovo atsakomybė bendrovei: civilinė ar materialinė?

LTStraipsnyje pateikiama bendrovės vienasmenio valdymo organo atsakomybės prigimties teisinė analizė, siekiama nustatyti bei įvertinti, kokios teisinės atsakomybės taisyklės – civilinės ar darbo – taikomos bendrovės vadovui už jo neteisėtais veiksmais bendrovei padarytą žalą. Straipsnį sudaro dvi pagrindinės dalys, antroji iš jų suskirstyta į dvi mažesnes dalis pagal atitinkamas potemes. Pirmojoje straipsnio dalyje analizuojama bendrovės vadovo teisinės atsakomybės prigimties nustatymo problema, kurią atitinkamai implikuoja Lietuvos teisinėje sistemoje įtvirtintas bendrovės vadovo teisinio statuso ir atsakomybės dualizmas. Antrojoje – pateikiama išsami bendrovės vadovo atsakomybės už bendrovei padarytą žalą prigimties teisinė analizė. Keliamas klausimas, kokios visgi teisės normos – civilinės ar darbo – turi būti taikomos vadovui, kai bendrovė patiria žalos dėl vadovo neteisėtų veiksmų. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Bendrovė; Bendrovės vadovas; Bendrovės valdymo organas; Civilinė atsakomybė; Materialinė atsakomybė; Civil liability; Company director; Limited Liability Company; Managing body of a company; Material liability.

ENArticle analyses the nature of a company director’s liability under the Lithuanian law. The research object is the head of the most popular company form in Lithuania – Limited Liability Company. The question deserves special attention due to the complexity of a company director’s relationship with the company. As the managing body of the company, the director has a wide range of powers and competences to represent the company to the third parties and to organize its activities. On the other hand, the director is a natural person submitted to certain internal regulations and dependant on the income from the realization of his professional, intellectual and physical abilities. The character of the employee-like subordination leads to the question of the legal nature of the relationship between the company and its head. Would the legal norms of the employee-friendly labour law or civil law be then applicable to the director’s liability to the company? The article is devoted to the analysis of the legal status and the liability of the company director since the problem of dualism of the above mentioned legal status exists in the Lithuanian legal system.The problem of applying the laws of civil liability and material liability is deemed to be relevant to practice. The Law on Companies prescribes the conclusion of the contract of employment with the company director, but also entails specific provisions for the termination of the contract, for full material responsibility or jurisdiction of grievances. Although under today’s legislation the company director can be considered both as an employee and as a managing body of a company, but his liability to the company for unfulfilment or inappropriate fulfilment of his obligations should be applied under the civil laws. The author suggests stopping the application of labour laws to the company director, because the problem of dualism of the company director’s liability would be resolved hereby. [From the publication]