Organizacijų virtualumo raiška Lietuvoje

LTGlobalizacija, žinių visuomenės ir ekonomikos raida, spartus informacinių ir komunikacinių technologijų (IKT) vystymasis ir šių technologijų vis didėjantis skverbimasis į kasdieninę organizacijų veiklą bei individų asmeninį gyvenimą leido susiformuoti sąlygoms, paskatinusioms virtualiųjų organizacijų atsiradimą. Virtualiosios organizacijos per pastaruosius du dešimtmečius vis dažniau tampa mokslinių tyrimų objektu. Tačiau ir dabar tik nedaugelis organizacijų tenkina visus virtualiųjų organizacijų požymius, todėl dichotominis organizacijų klasifikavimas į virtualiąsias ir nevirtualiąsias nėra tikslingas. Siekiant giluminio reiškinio pažinimo buvo įvesta organizacijų virtualumo sąvoką. Tai lėmė naują tyrimo prieigą ir poreikį sukurti instrumentarijų, leidžiantį nustatyti organizacijų virtualumą. Šiame straipsnyje pateikiami kompleksiniai organizacijų virtualumo raiškos nustatymo indikatoriai ir jų pagalba nustatytas Lietuvos organizacijų virtualumas. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Virtualioji organizacija; Organizacijų virtualumas; Informacinės ir komunikacinės technologijos; Virtual organisation; Organisational virtuality; Information communication technologies; Lithuania.

ENNowadays’ globalization phenomenon has influenced on the different individual, organisational or even country’s existence. Fast development of modern computerized information and communication technologies (ICT) particularly determines the outspread of these phenomena or even unleashes the revolution, which is changing steady business structures and communication ways and forces executives to assess their partners and competitors in the different aspect despite the differences of time and distance. The mentioned processes determined the expanded outlook to the organisations as well as its concept. It is not possible to analyse the success and logic of the strategy and everyday decisions in the frames of one formal organisation, because analyzing one particular organisation the perspectives of the surrounding partners must be assessed, too. The scientists suggest calling the structure of these partnerships as virtual organisation. Though virtual organisations have been researched for more than two decades, still empirical research (Mertens et al., 1998) shows that only a few organisations can be called as virtual. Researches claim that it is not possible to divide all organisations into virtual or non-virtual, because the whole spectrum of virtual continuum exists between non-virtual and ideally virtual organisations as well To compare different organisations or economical sectors and to assess the virtual potential of different partners and their market potential for particular organisations the system of criteria of virtuality must be formed which would be able to estimate the intensity of virtual characteristics in the searching organisation.To see the wholeness of organisation, its structure and processes have to be analysed at the same time. So the instrumentation should include the components (organisational structure and organisational processes), which will compound the wholeness of virtual organisation characteristics. The essential characteristic, outstanding the other modern network organisational forms, is the usage of ICT in communication and cooperation among partners, so the usage of ICT is included into the highest level of instrumentation. The organisational structure is characterised by its geographical dispersion, networkability, and identity, and organisational processes – by orientation to core competences, trust, and orientation to customer. The usage of ICT according to the time respect is divided into synchronical communication and asynchronical communication. To define each characteristic the empirical indicators have been determined based on the content analysis of the scientific literature on virtual organisations characteristics. [From the publication]