Lenkų mokytojų rengimas LSSR: 1947-1961 m.

LTStraipsnyje nagrinėjama lenkiškų bendrojo lavinimo mokyklų pedagogų rengimo Lietuvoje 1947–1961 m. problema, aptariama jas rengusių pedagoginių įstaigų veikla, jų mokinių ir studentų skaičiaus bei etninės sudėties pokyčiai, nustatomas nagrinėjamu laikotarpiu parengtų mokytojų skaičius. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Lenkai; Mokyklos; Mokytojai; Trakų mokytojų seminarija; Naujosios Vilnios mokytojų institutas; Poles; Schools; Teachers; Trakai Teachers Seminary; Naujoji Vilnia Teachers Institute.

ENBased on historiographic and archival data, the article analyses the issue of training of teachers for Polish schools in the Lithuanian SSR, discusses the activities of pedagogical educational institutions engaged in their training, and determines the number of graduates from these institutions and their ethnic composition. It should be noted that the prospects of Polish education in the republic highly depended on the ethnic policy pursued by the Soviet government. Due to the faster sovietization of Polish inhabitants, they were provided with the opportunities to develop education in their native language in Eastern and Southeastern Lithuania. However, the process of Polish migration from the Lithuanian SSR to Poland (1944– 1947) highly affected Polish education and had long-term severe effects on it, such as reduced numbers of qualified teachers. Their vast shortage was one of the reasons accelerating the reorganisation of Polish schools. The decision was made on a gradual reorganisation of such schools to Russian or Lithuanian. Thanks to more active efforts of the Polish community and the support of the representatives of the Soviet government from certain counties (districts) in Eastern and Southeastern Lithuania, the process of reorganisation was cancelled. By the order of the central government of the USSR, the topical issues related to Polish education were solved in the Lithuanian SSR (e. g., the Naujoji Vilnia Teachers Institute for an accelerated training of Polish pedagogical staff was established in 1951; the publishing house of Polish pedagogical literature was opened; the required staff was sent, etc.).The Soviet re-occupation of Lithuania and the resulting process of migration to Poland highly affected the situation of the Polish community. The migration determined remarkable changes in the field of Polish education: the number of pupils and qualified Polish teachers decreased significantly; the network of schools with Polish as the language of instruction changed; their level of training deteriorated. With the end of migration in 1947, the Lithuanian SSR started solving the problems of Polish education. The Bureau of the Central Committee of LKP(b) decided to develop the network of primary schools with Polish as the language of instruction and to initiate the training of the staff for them in the republic. By the order of the central government of the USSR, the network of seven-year schools and secondary schools with Polish as the language of instruction was expanded in Lithuania, and the training of teachers for them began. In 1947–1961, specialists for Polish schools were prepared at the Trakai Teachers Seminary (for basic schools) and at the Naujoji Vilnia Teachers Institute (for sevenyear schools). With regard to ethnic composition, Poles, Russians and Byelorussians dominated among the pupils and students of the mentioned institutions. More than 2 000 teachers for Polish and Russian schools graduated from these pedagogical institutions during the period under discussion. However, part of graduates showed a rather low level of knowledge. Some of them had a rather poor knowledge of Polish and failed to learn the Lithuanian language to any degree. Such a situation determined an insufficient training of pupils in Polish schools, which, in turn, limited their possibilities to study at higher education institutions.Lithuania had no lecturers of the required expertise for educating prospective Polish teachers; therefore, a number of them were sent from other Soviet republics, in particular to the Naujoji Vilnia Teachers Institute. The pedagogical educational institutions of Eastern and Southeastern Lithuania became the centre of attraction for Polish and Byelorussian youth from the neighbouring Belarus. In certain years, the youth from the Byelorussian SSR accounted for 10–15% of students admitted to the teacher training institutions in Naujoji Vilnia. In the 1950s, teacher-training institutes in the USSR underwent a reorganisation. To solve the issue of reorganisation of the Naujoji Vilnia Teachers Institute, proposals were made to either turn it into an independent higher education institution or to integrate it into an already-existing higher education institution. The political and objective reasons determined the choice of the latter variant. [From the publication]