Žmogiškųjų išteklių poreikis karstiniame regione
LTStraipsnyje pristatoma socialinių-ekonominių tyrimų rezultatai, atliktų siekiant numatyti žmogiškųjų išteklių poreikį Šiaurės Lietuvos karstiniame regione pereinant prie alternatyvių ūkininkavimo sistemų. Apžvelgtos pagrindinės žemės ūkio gamybos ir valdymo sistemos bei jų plėtros galimybės karstiniame regione. Numatytos regiono ekonominės sąlygos atsižvelgiant į technologinius valdymo ypatumus. Pagal tyrimo rezultatus nustatyta, kad optimaliausias žmogiškųjų išteklių poreikis būtų taikant tausojančio ūkininkavimo sistemą. Tausojančio ūkininkavimo plėtojimas galėtų būti vienas iš būdų spręsti minėto regiono kaimo vietovių socialines, ekonomines ir aplinkosaugines problemas. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Karstinis regionas; Tausojantis; Tausojantis ūkininkavimas; Ūkininkavimas; Žmogiškieji ištekliai; Human resources; Karst region; Sparing farming.
ENBecause of specific environmental management in Northern Lithuanian karst region, the systems used in other regions can not be applied here. Traditional intensive farming management system is especially ineffective in an environmentally damaged karst region. The most viable method able to solve not only regional ecologic problems but also to increase production and management effectiveness is implementation of technologies able to save resources. Assuming that management systems of sparing technologies will soon become the most perspective factor of agriculture, actions have to be taken to adequately rearrange the management system of sparing farming in the karst region. Activities of national, regional and self-governing institutions should be oriented towards actions stimulating sparing usage of local resources. Regarding environmental changes and innovations it can be said that human recourse management in the karst region and demand for it is also changing. Changes like these could help not only to preserve natural resources in the karst region for future generations but also solve economic and social issues. Article contains results of social-economic researches, performed with a goal of human resource demand projection in the karst region of Northern Lithuania while a transition to alternative farming systems is in progress. Also included are reviews of main agricultural manufacturing and management systems and their developmental opportunities in the karst region.The peculiarities of karst region determine to what extent traditional, sparing or ecological farming is possible, what possible relations are among these forms, and what opportunities they offer. Economic calculations helped to determine that the development of sparing farming's management system in the karst region has bigger chances in comparison with ecologic farming system because its basis is just the usage of organic fertilizers but this system would be impossible to implement in Northern Lithuanian karst region because of technologic management peculiarities. Besides the mentioned technologic issues a labor resource problem emerges, because it is very problematic to store enough manure for compost production. Demand for additional labor resources in the karst region would constitute a percentage of 12% and that seems to be unlikely because the number of rural residents, employable age residents and denizens engaged in agricultural activities is decreasing. According to the crop area structure of the analyzed period in the whole karst region, implementation of ecological farming would require up to 440 thousand human work hours of additional labor expenditures, while implementation of sparing farming would require 2.6 times less. It has been established that, according to research results, the optimal demand for human resources can be achieved using the sparing farming system. Sparing farming management system is an integrated system of resource management based on principles of sustainable development and best suited for areas that are vulnerable to anthropogenic impact. […]. [From the publication]
