Vilniaus universiteto ginamieji darbai : tezių grafika

LTStraipsnyje pristatomas specifinis XVII–XVII a. dailės žanras – iliustruotos tezės. Tai glaustai išdėstyti pagrindiniai pranešimo, paskaitos, ginamosios disertacijos darbo teiginiai. Spausdintas tezių lakštas buvo keliafunkcė priemonė – dailės, mokslo įstaigos istorijos ir paties mokslo pažinimo šaltinis. Tezių iliustracijos funkcionavo XVI–XVII a. Vilniaus universiteto aplinkoje. Pagal jėzuitų Ratio studiorum programą (nuo 1599 m.), ginantysis turėjo parengti tezes, kurios dažniausiai buvo grafiškai įvaizdinamos. Tezėse nurodomas jas ginantis asmuo (pretendentas), gynime dalyvaujantys asmenys, taip pat vieta ir laikas. Spausdintų tezių lakštai funkcionavo kaip plakatas (skelbimas į viešą gynimą), kaip kvietimas (ypatingai oponentams ir diskusijų partneriams), ir kaip dedikacija arba padėka globėjui. Straipsnyje aptariama Vilniaus universitete gintų tezių išvaizda, pagrindinės jų formos, iliustruotų tezių ikonografija. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Tezių iliustracija; Tezių grafika; Vilniaus universitetas (VU; Vilnius University); XVI–XVII a. grafika; Illustration of theses; Graphics of theses; Graphics of the 16th–18th century.

ENThe article is concerned with a specific artistic genre of the 17th–18th century – illustrated theses, i.e. the main conclusions of a graduating work. The printed sheet of the theses had a number of functions: it was as a source for knowledge for art, the history of the scientific institution and science itself. Illustrations of theses were common in the environment of Vilnius University during the 16th–18th century. According to the Jesuit Ratio studiorum program (from 1599), a graduate had to prepare a theses which would often include graphic design. These theses would indicate the person who was to defend them (the applicant), the persons who were to participate in the defense, and also the place and time that the viva was to take place. The sheets of these printed theses functioned as a poster-advertisement inviting the public to attend the public defense of the theses. They were especially aimed at attracting opponents and partners for the discussion, and were also seen as a symbol of dedication or gratitude to a patron. This article also discusses the appearance, main forms and iconography of Vilnius University graduation theses. In the publishing house of the Academy of Vilnius Jesuits these graduation theses were given priority. Moreover, they were an important source of information and personal biography. Up until the mid-17th century, these graduation theses were mostly printed on one large format un-illustrated sheet that would be smartly decorated with an ornamental border and a monogram of the Jesuit Order. The printing of illustrated theses of a larger format began in the 2nd half of the 17th century and corresponded to those tendencies in theses printing that were promoted in the Jesuit Universities of Western Europe.In them, just as in European Jesuits high schools, two main iconographical plots were developed – the illustrated contents of the graduation theses and the panegyric glorification of its patron (the person who funded the studies of a graduate and the printing of the theses). Due to the limited technical options available and an absence of engravers’ workshops, Vilnius University could not print very large graphic sheets. As a result, during the 17th and 18th century the most popular format for graduation theses was a book shaped design; one composed of an illustrated title page, a dedication or gratitude to a patron and summary of the graduation theses that was to be presented in the following pages of the book. By supporting the studies of young men abroad, the members of the great families financially contributed to the publication of large format theses in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, as these texts immortalized the iconography of their family name. [From the publication]

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