Europos Sąjungos teisėkūra ir kitos teisės aktų leidybos procedūros

LTStraipsnyje pateikiama susisteminta Europos Sąjungos teisės аktų leidybos procedūrų analizė, aptariamos jų dalyviųį. galios, vaidmenų pasiskirstymas, institucijų tarpusavio sąveikos mechanizmai bei pagrindinės pačiose institucijose taikomos procedūros. Atlikta analizė išsamiai atspindi Lisabonos sutartimi įtvirtintus su šia tema susijusius pakeitimus. Analizuojant įvairius teisėkūros aspektus, remiamasi Europos Sąjungos Teisingumo Teismo praktika bei mokslininktį darbų fragmentais (kiek jie išliko aktualūs pakeitus Steigiamąsias sutartis). [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Europos Sąjungos teisė; Lisabonos sutartis; Teisėkūra; Teisėkūros procesas; Įstatymų leidybos procedūros; Įstatymų priėmimas Europos Sąjungoje; European Union law; Legislation; Legislative procedure; The Lisbon Treaty; The adoption of laws in the European Union; The legislative process.

ENThe Lisbon Treaty provides quite a number of novelties in the legislation of the European Union. These novelties have already been considered in the Treaty establishing the Constitution of Europe (which never entered into force), considering the principle aims relating law creation thereof as the democratization and reformation of the system which was held as too much complicated. Unfortunately, due to the synthesis of two referred aims, the "traffic" of the reconstruction (not for the first time already, as much as the complexity of the former law making procedure was conditioned by the enhancing of powers, in several stages, of the European Parliament in order to ensure the democratic mandate of the adopted decisions) have moved towards two different directions: the involvement of national parliaments intended to increase the democracy of law making process, having simplifying effect in some aspects, at the same time makes the procedure lumpish. Consequently, the final result is that the mechanism of law making renders changed, the number of procedures reduced, however, the content thereof have become even more complicated. Besides the fact, that the simplification of the procedures is not very significant, the decision which may be of greater importance in future is the division o£ legislative and non-legislative acts (and also of legislative process and of non-legislative process). Unfortunately, the notion of the legislative acts in material sense is still unclear. Legislation is detached in formal sense only, and the specified features thereof relate participants only, and not the content of acts. [From the publication]However, this distinction creates possibilities for the hereafter uprise of material segregation (most probably throughout the case law of the Court of Justice), more precise conception of legislative acts and post-legislative acts. The truth is that the role of the national parliaments of the Member States and the European Parliament has become important as never before. In this sense, the achievements of these institutions having most democratic mandate are manifest (however, only future and specific researches will show whether it can be called achievements in the sense of efficiency of law making). One more reservation should be made - it is unclear, in what extent national parliaments will be willing to use their new powers. However, taking into account the variety (twenty seven states with different traditions, history, mentality, needs, and, finally, attitude towards the need of the EU dimension) there shall certainly be some national parliaments, which will use the newly granted powers more actively than others. Undoubtedly, the European Parliament will use the new powers (as it was actively seeking to achieve them). To conclude the undergone changes and the new system, it is difficult to hide disappointment, as clarity and simplicity in the legislation of European Union was lacking, is still lacking and will not appear in the nearest future (if it is still possible, seeking to satisfy the need for harmonisation of national and common interests and for the reduction of tension relating the democracy gap). The amendments of the Lisbon Treaty have created a number of novel ties; however, most of them are not substantial. [...]. [From the publication]