Vilniaus bajorų institutas (1834-1863)

LTStraipsnyje aptariama Vilniuje Dominikonų gatvėje veikusio Vilniaus bajorų instituto veikla, struktūra, jame dirbę pedagogai bei besimokinę moksleiviai, žymūs būsimi sukilimo dalyviai. Lietuvių švietimo istorijoje Institutas beveik neminimas, nes buvo laikomas elitine bajoriškąja lenkiškos kultūros įstaiga. Rusijos administracija siekė jaunas bajorų giminės atžalas išauklėti lojaliais imperijos tarnautojais, karininkais, tačiau vėlesnis moksleivių dalyvavimas 1863 m. sukilime parodė valdžios diegiamos politikos nesėkmę Lietuvos krašte. Daugelis Instituto moksleivių po sukilimo buvo represuoti, o Institutas - uždarytas. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Edukologija; Lietuvos XIX a. švietimo istorija; Vilniaus bajorų institutas; Vilniaus istorija; Lithuanian educational history of the 19th century; Lithuanian history of the 19th century; Science of education; The history of Vilnius; Vilnius institute of gentry.

ENThe foundation of The Vilnius Institute of Gentry was the result of the policy of Tsar Nicholas I. According to this policy, the young generation from the class of officials was to be educated at exclusive institutions. The Institute was established in 1834, and it was meant for about 100 students. The aim of the Russian governing bodies was to educate the future elite in the spirit of loyalty to the regime. Until the uprising of 1863, the Institute failed to produce any outstanding scientists, but it educated many patriots, social and cultural activists. Hitherto, the history of the Institute has not been dealt with thoroughly in our historiography, it has been described only in a fragmentary way, without due attention given to the whole socio-cultural development. In general, the studies of the history of the Institute proved that the Institute played a positive national and social role, and that the initial expectations of the state authorities fell short. The article is based on the analysis of the study of historiography of the Institute, also on the study of personal archives of Jakub Gieysztor and Aleksandr Zdanowicz, and on the archival materials of Vilnius Educational District, also on printed documents and orders, publications in the newspapers and magazines of the 19th century, and on memoirs. The study of S. Kokialkowski about A. Zdanowicz is analysed in detail. In 1934, the Polish scholar Janina Golanska wrote her fundamental study about the Institute, and it is the only publication of that type in the Lithuanian and Polish historiography. [From the publication]