Kryžiaus kelio iliustracijos Lietuvos XIX a. leidiniuose

LTStraipsnyje nagrinėjama mažai tirta kūrybos sritis – XIX a. 14-os stočių Kryžiaus kelio maldynų, vadovų iliustracijos. Nurodomi pagrindiniai šio turinio leidiniai, daugiausia dėmesio skiriant jų apipavidalinimui bei iliustracijoms. Straipsnio tikslas – kontekstualiai panagrinėti knygų iliustracijas, ištirti jų kilmę ir autorystę, aptarti Kristaus kančios kelio knygelių maketavimo principus, paveikslėlių ikonografiją ir meninę formą, taip pat nustatyti jų poveikį Kryžiaus kelio tapybai. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Maldynai; 14-os stočių Kryžiaus kelias; Grafika; Knygų iliustracijos; Juozapas Zavadzkis; Adomas Zavadzkis; Vincentas Smakauskas; Pietro Leoni Bombelli; Leidyklos "Laurent de Berny"; "Deberny"; Prayer-books; Way of the Cross of 14 Stations; Graphic arts; Book illustrations; Jósef Zawadski; Adam Zawadski; Wincent Smakowski; Pietro Leoni Bombelli; French publishing houses; Laurent de Berny publishing house; Deberny publishing house.

ENThe article analyses the 19th-century illustrations of prayer-books intended for the Way of the Cross of 14 Stations. It deals with their origin and authors, discusses the layout principles of such books, the iconography of the images and their artistic form. Some archive data have been found, which indicate that in the 2nd half of the 18th century the Bernardines began spreading the devotion to the Way of the Cross in Lithuania and circulating the prayer-books for the Stations of the Cross. From the end of the 18th to the 1st quarter of the 19th century, special prayer-books for the Calvaries of Papilys (did not survive), Tytuvėnai, Skapiškis were printed. A Lithuanian prayer-book (published in 1797) has survived; it was intended for the Way of the Cross consisting of 14 Stations and was republished numerous times. In the middle of the 19th century, when the devotion to the Way of the Cross anchored in parish churches, publications of this nature became more abundant. At that time, the first illustrations appeared in these books; in the beginning they presented various images of the Way of the Sorrows of Christ, and later special sets of illustrations of the 14 Stations were brought from France. The illustrations of the Way of the Cross from Laurent de Berny, Deberny printing house complement the relations between French printing houses and Jósef Zawadski, which are very important to the history of graphic arts. The article investigates the impact of the illustrations on the iconography of the painted cycles of the Way of the Cross. In Lithuania, the engravings of the Way of the Cross by the famous Italian graphic artist P. L. Bombelli were known; they were used to illustrate the prayer-book by St Leonard of Port Maurice, published in Rome in 1904. After this prototype, the cycles of the Passion of Christ of Jonava (by Sidzinewski) and Žemaičių Kalvarija (by J. Szyrma) churches and other surviving paintings were created.The works of this iconography (in particular, the cycle of 14 Stations in the Jonava church) are important not only for the history of iconography and arts, but also for the history of piety as they reveal the links with the European Catholic culture. Unsophisticated engravings by Laurent de Berny, which spread via prayer-books, were popular examples for painters, especially in the 8th decade of the 19th century. Most of the Way of the Cross paintings created after those engravings survived in the Samogitia region (Kuliai, Nemakščiai, Kartena and other churches), some remained in the Užnemunė region (Kaimelis church) and in the territory of present-day Belarus (Daniushevo church). [From the publication]