Konkurencijos ir pirkimo apimties poveikis kainai viešųjų pirkimų konkursuose

LTViešieji pirkimai yra svarbi ekonomikos dalis, Lietuvoje sudaranti 10 proc., o Europos Sąjungoje net iki 16 proc. bendrojo vidaus produkto, todėl moksliniais tyrimais pagrįstos išvados dėl šios srities tobulinimo gali turėti labai didelį poveikį valstybei. Vienas esminių viešųjų pirkimų elementų yra kaina. Tai kintamasis, kurio perkančioji organizacija negali pasirinkti, tačiau gali paveikti. Šiame straipsnyje siekiama pagrįsti modelį, kuris paaiškintų, kaip konkurencija ir pirkimo apimtis (veiksniai, kuriems perkančioji organizacija gali daryti įtaką tiesiogiai) veikia kainą viešųjų pirkimų konkursuose. Sudarytas modelis remiasi aukcionų teorijos ir pirkimų valdymo mokslinės literatūros žiniomis, taip pat grindžiamas viešųjų pirkimų rezultatų tyrimais. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Aukcionų teorija; Konkurencija; Pirkimų centralizavimas; Pirkimų valdymas; Viešieji pirkimai; Auction theory; Competition; Procurement centralization; Public procurement; Purchase management.

ENPublic procurement is a very important part of economy, in Lithuania public procurement constitutes 10% of gross national product, while in European Union it constitutes 16%. One of the key elements in public procurement is the price. This is the variable that can be influenced by a purchasing entity. The purpose of the article is to validate the model defining relationship between the dependent variable, the price and independent variables, the competition and the purchase volume in public procurement tenders. Purchase management scientific literature studies and public procurement research led to the model which is based in the auction theory. Auction theory defines that the price (the winning bid) in auction depends on the object valuations by bidders (bidder’s costs for public contract execution) and competition (the number of bidders). Larger quantities can influence the costs of bidder but it is not motivating to bid lower if the competition is not sufficient. Therefore, relationship between the competition, the purchase volume and the price is complex. There are few hypotheses raised to test the model defining the relationship between the dependent variable, the price and the independent variables, the competition and the purchase volume in public procurement tenders. First hypothesis states that the price (the winning bid) depends on the competition (the number of bidders) in public procurement tenders done through the central purchasing authority. Second hypothesis states that the price (the winning bid) depends on the purchase volume in public procurement tenders done through the central purchasing authority. Third hypothesis states that the competition (the number of bidders) depends on the purchase volume in public procurement tenders done through the central purchasing authority.The unit of analysis in the research is tender results which consist of several variables observed: the unit price (pw), the quantity (q), the number of bidders (n). The analysis focused on public tenders which are done through the central contracting authority because technical specifications of these tenders are standard and can be comparable. 3 groups of goods with the same technical specification were selected for the analysis. Correlation and ANOVA statistical analysis were applied to test hypothesis. The results of the statistical analysis revealed that the winning bid negatively correlates with the number of bidders in a tender. It was noticed that the average of winning bid has a statistically significant negative trend, when the number of bidders is rising. The results of analysis showed that in the first group the average of the winning price falls by 10% when the number of suppliers rises from 1 to 2, in the second group the winning price falls by 20%, in the third – by 7%. Some unexpected results were received from the test of the second hypothesis. Significant relationship between the winning bid and the purchase volume was not confirmed statistically The results can be explained by the insufficient competition. According to the theory in case of fierce competition bidders should set the price in relation to the competition and costs. If purchase volume impacts the cost of all bidders the winning price should change also. [From the publication]

• Vadyba / Management
• Ekonomika / Economics