Kai kurie kolektyvinio sutartinio darbo santykių teisinio reguliavimo skatinimo probleminiai aspektai

LTKolektyvinė sutartis yra svarbus darbo teisės šaltinis, nuo kurio, be kita ko, priklauso darbo santykių teisinio reguliavimo efektyvumas. Reaguojant į tai, kad socialinė partnerystė Lietuvoje plėtojama vangiai, darbo santykių reguliavimo kolektyvinėmis sutartimis aprėptis yra itin maža, o kolektyvinės sutartys sudaromos iš esmės tik įmonių lygiu, straipsnyje nagrinėjama, kaip, reguliuojant darbo santykius, Lietuvai sekasi įgyvendinti tarptautinį įsipareigojimą – skatinti kolektyvinį sutartinį teisinį reguliavimą. Nurodomi veiksniai, lemiantys ribotas valstybės galimybes daryti įtaką kolektyvinių sutarčių sudarymui, pristatomos priemonės, kuriomis šis procesas Lietuvoje yra ir galėtų būti skatinamas. Nagrinėjamos problematikos kontekste atskleidžiami kai kurie šiuo metu galiojančio darbo santykių teisinio reguliavimo probleminiai aspektai ir pateikiamas jų vertinimas. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Asociacijų laisvė; Darbo santykiai; Kolektyvinė sutartis; Socialinė partnerystė; Teisinis reguliavimas; Collective agreement; Collective agreements; Freedom of association; Labour relations; Legal regulation; Social partnership.

ENThe Lithuanian success of implementing international obligation in order to encourage the regulation of labour relations by means of collective agreements is analyzed in this article. It is emphasized that development of social partnership is too slow, coverage of regulation of labour relations by means of collective agreement also is low-level and collective agreements basically are made at the plant level. It is noticed that, because of the need to find a suitable balance between implementing the international obligation to encourage regulation of labour relations by means of collective agreements, and the necessity to undermine the raison d’être of the regulation by means of collective agreements itself, as the process, where attitudes of social partners has to be harmonised at maximum, the state has limited scope to influence the process of making collective agreements. In the author’s view, the regulation of labour relations, by means of collective agreements in Lithuania should be encouraged by increasing self-sufficiency of social partners (inter alia, by increasing qualifications of staff of social partners and social partners themselves, by increasing the social partner’s financial self-support, also by instituting tools to raise the social partner’s organizational capability), as well as by making preconditions to make real influence for labour relations regulating them by means of collective agreements (inter alia, by gradually reducing regulation of labour relations by means of normative legal acts, by coordination of the in favorem and in peius principles in collective labour law, by making preconditions to grant the erga omnes powers for collective agreements).This article proposes social partners to burnish their image while seeking for society support. In order to increase the guarantees of the active members of trade unions for their supplement risk, the author proposes to make amendments to Article 19 chapter 1 of Labour Code of the Republic of Lithuania. It is emphasized that the coordination of the in favorem and in peius principles in collective labour law ensures the protection of the rights of the employees while increasing the flexibility of labour law even when the employees are not represented by trade unions or work councils; also the opportunity of the effective administration of the corporate risks of the employees by means of collective agreements is given for those social partners who are active and socially responsible. [From the publication]