"Aš jau prisimenu..." : autobiografiniai lietuvių moterų pasakojimai folkloristo akimis

LTStraipsnio objektas – folkloro ekspedicijose užrašomi pateikėjų moterų pasakojimai apie savo gyvenimišką patirtį – vadinamieji autobiografiniai pasakojimai. Nagrinėjama, kuo moterys pasakotojos skiriasi nuo vyrų, kas būdinga jų pasakojimams, jų stiliui ir struktūrai, svarstoma, kokie apskritai yra tiesiogiai žodžiu bendraujant lauko tyrimų metu fiksuojami tekstai, kuo jie skiriasi, pavyzdžiui, nuo išplėtotų rašytinių autobiografijų. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Autobiografinis pasakojimas; Moterų pasakojimai; Naratyvas; Žodinė istorija; Autobiographic stories; Autobiographical narrative; Narrative, oral history; Narratives; Verbal history; Women stories; Women's stories.

ENThe article focuses on the personal experience stories by the female informants, i.e. the so-called autobiographical narratives. The author investigates differences between women and men storytellers, establishing typical traits of the women's narratives both in terms of content, style, and structure. Also, the general characteristic features of the texts recorded directly in oral form, during fieldwork, are discussed, as well as their differences from the extensive written autobiographies. Starting from the survey of the sociological research, the author notes that the distinction between "generalizing" and "individualizing" approaches, discerned in the biographical method in sociology, could be regarded as valid in all the research using the autobiographical narratives and memoirs, i.e. in works by historians, anthropologists, and folklorists. The representatives of the first branch are mostly interested in the contents of the narratives in question, i.e. in what people tell, paying little or no attention to the aspects of form of the narrative, while the "individualizing" branch chiefly deals with formal - stylistic, structural, rhetorical - features in them, attempting to reveal skills of the narrators as storytellers. According to the author, the most fruitful way would be combining both approaches, and discussing both what people tell and how they do it. That mode of research is developed by scholars of oral history and some folklorists (e.g. A. Portelli, A. Kaivola-Bregenhøj, etc.).They pay special attention to the preservation of authenticity of the orally narrated texts, advocating for as little editing as possible, maintaining that only the spoken text does reveal the original intentions of the storyteller and his/her personality. In terms of accumulating the narrative material, the author of the article considers the folklorists as having a certain advantage, as they possess significant experience in both conducting fieldwork and analyzing the collected materials. To illustrate the established aspects of the female narratives, the author draws on three fragments of personally recorded female autobiographies, collected during fieldwork session in 2010 in Švenčionys district of eastern Lithuania. [From the publication]