Viešosios vietos sąvokos samprata ir problematika

LTStraipsnyje analizuojama viešosios vietos sąvoka, jos vartojimas Lietuvos Respublikos teisės aktuose. Šio straipsnio tikslas – analizės ir palyginamuoju metodu išsiaiškinti viešosios vietos sąvokos sampratą ir išskirti šios sąvokos taikymo problemas. Pirmoje straipsnio dalyje apžvelgiami Lietuvos Respublikos teisės aktai, kuriuose yra vartojama viešosios vietos sąvoka, analizuojami jos skirtumai šių aktų kontekste. Antroje straipsnio dalyje tiriama teismų formuojama praktika viešosios vietos sąvokos sampratos aspektu, toliau analizuojamos kylančios problemos, aptariama Europos žmogaus teisių teismo praktika, susijusi su viešosios vietos sąvokos analize ir pateikiamas galimas viešosios vietos sąvokos aiškinimo būdas. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Atvira ir prieinama visuomenei; Samprata; Viešoji teisė; Viešoji vieta; Žmogaus teisės ir laisvės; Human rights and freedoms; Meaning; Open and accessible to the public; Public law; Public place; Ublic place.

ENA concept of a public place is not very common in the Lithuanian Laws but this concept is not clearly determined and is not uniform understandable. There is not any usable determination of a definition of a public place in Lithuanian laws only some explanations used in a certain clause for a strict purposes of a specific case. It is important to define what is a public place because some action when done in a public place may be found to be a criminal and otherwise – the right to a private life is protected in a private place. The concept of a public place differs not only in the Laws but also in the rules and regulations enacted by municipalities. Under the Lithuanian Laws including rules and regulations of municipalities and under the judicial practice a public place can be determined as a place that belongs to state or municipality – public space, or a place open to society independent of the property rights, or even a private place where the interest of society occurs. Many controversies and judicial disputes are conditioned by differences of a meaning of a public place. The Lithuanian Supreme Court has determined a concept of a public place in a criminal case of hooliganism despite the fact that the circumstance of a public place was not obligatory for this crime (the hooliganism was listed in an old Lithuanian criminal code). The public order offence (whit an obligatory circumstance of a public place) is included in the new Lithuanian criminal code. So the exact concept of a public place is still necessary. The necessity of an uniform concept of a public place is grounded by the different point of view to the same place: a secluded place may be acknowledged not to be a public place when talking about the right to an immunity of a private life and otherwise the same place is a public place when the public interest occur or a crime or administrative violation is done.The first part of the article consists of the review of Lithuanian Laws and rules and regulations of municipalities which involve a concept of a public place. Then the differences of this concept are analyzed. The conception of a public place is explained by analyzing in detail Lithuanian court practice, overlooking the legal literature and the interpretations of a different lawyers and other members of society. With reference to all analyzed material it is concluded that a determination of a public place is usually not connected with a form of property rights. The most important factor to be considered in relation to a definition of a public place is the fact of accessibility of the public and the public interest including a secluded place. The explanation of the concept of a public place may be: a public place is a place accessible to the public continually or in provided time, free or commercially or by virtue of membership or otherwise and where the public has a right of resort for business, entertainment or other lawful purpose, and is a place that includes a secluded place as much as the right to a private life is not realized. This proposed definition is expected to solve problems related to the use of the public place concept. [From the publication]