Lyginamoji mobingo diagnozavimo instrumentų analizė

LTStraipsnyje analizuojama ir lyginama užsienio šalių autorių mobingui diagnozuoti naudotų instrumentų struktūra, pateikiami tyrimų rezultatai ir jų interpretacijos. Detalizuojamas H. Leymann suformuluotas psichologinio teroro darbo vietoje aprašas, kuriame išskiriami penki pagrindiniai kriterijai ir 45 terorizavimo būdai. Aptariami negatyviems darbuotojų santykiams tirti naudotus instrumentus sudarantys kriterijai ir indikatoriai. Apžvelgiamas mobingo reiškinio ištyrimo lygis Lietuvoje bei lietuvių mokslininkų naudojami mobingo diagnozavimo instrumentai. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Mobingas; Diagnozavimas; Instrumentai; Kriterijai; Indikatoriai; Ištyrimo lygis; Mobbing; Diagnose; Instruments; Criteria; Indicators; Research level.

ENIn the article the structure of instruments which were created in foreign countries is being analyzed and compared, the received results and their interpretations are being presented. There is presented H. Leymann's description of psychological terror at the work place, where the main five criteria are presented as well as 45 ways of terror. There are discussed criteria and indicators which were used to analyze negative relations of employees. The research level of mobbing phenomenon in Lithuania is being reviewed as well as the instruments which were used by Lithuanian scientists. For the researches of mobbing the wide range of instruments to measure the psychological terror and its consequences is used. The classical research method can be considered the work of H. Leymann, whose works were used by scientists later. H. Leymann pointed out 5 main mobbing criteria, which were later studied by other scientists: the influence to self revelation and communication, the attack to social relations, the attack to reputation and authority; the attack in work and personal situations, the attack in health sphere. All in all H. Leymann pointed out 45 indicators of the attack, the frequency of which is not the same. That means that some of mobbing actions can be more frequent. The wide spectrum of the analyzed phenomenon not only influences the appearance of the researches of inter-relations of the employees, but also the researches of personality, work capacity and health as a result of mobbing and other researches. There was also noticed a feedback between mobbing and psychological climate in work environment. So for the diagnostic of mobbing the following instruments are applied to study personal/ social relations, psychological and physical reactions, behaviour, aggression, organizational climate etc.Even if the phenomenon of mobbing is analyzed in Lithuania not for a long time, but the basis of it is the research of negative employee relations and psychological terror which is performed for several decades already. It is possible to point out several directions of such researches while analyzing these problems: psychological terror; the effect on the health; ethics. The researches which help to state the connection between psychological terror, physical and psychical health condition stand out among the rest of the researches. But at the same time it is possible to see the drawbacks and the lack of the instruments which are used in Lithuania, and which could be removed by the adaptation of the instruments which would take to consideration the cultural and social specifics of Lithuanian organizations. Many mobbing diagnostics instruments designed and used abroad are intended to research psychological terror as a method of impact on the victim. This article aims at discussing more frequently used instruments and their features. The analysis of the instruments used in Lithuanian mobbing research and by Lithuanian scientists shows that the instruments developed abroad, which are not adapted, are generally used in the research. Studies confirm the existence of mobbing in Lithuanian organisations. [From the publication]