Teisė į pensiją ir konstitucinio teismo praktika

LTStraipsnyje analizuojama socialinio draudimo ir valstybinių pensijų sistema Lietuvoje, atskleidžiant, kad pirma sistema remiasi socialinio solidarumo principu, o antroji - atlyginimu už nuopelnus valstybei kriterijumi. Straipsnio pagrindinė ašis - teisės į pensiją ir nuosavybės teisės santykis. Autoriaus nuomone, toks santykis egzistuoja tik netiesiogiai. Straipsnyje teigiama, kad socialinių išmokų dydis turėtų būti siejamas visų pirma su lėšų, surenkamų į socialinio draudimo fondą, dydžiu. Taip pat analizuojama ir ekonominė krizė, kaip tam tikra galima išimtis (force majeure) žmogaus socialinių ir ekonominių teisių srityje. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Socialinio draudimo sistema; Valstybinių pensijų sistema; Teisė į pensiją; Nuosavybės teisė; Konstitucinio teismo praktika; Social security system; State pension system; Right to pension; Property law; Lithuanian Constitutional Court.

ENThe system of pensions (the social security pension and so called the state pension) in Lithuania is analyzed in the article. The social security pension is based on the principle of social solidarity, while the state pension is based on the idea of certain reward for merits granted for the particular society. The main issue of the article is to analyze relationship between one's right to pension and right to ownership (property). According to the author, if such a relationship exists at all, it might be find only indirectly. Therefore the opinion of the Constitutional Court that reduction of pensions should be only provisional, that this reduction should be proportional and "justly compensated" are criticized. The justification of economic crisis as certain state of exception or force majeure diminishing social-economic rights is also analyzed in the article. Case law of Lithuanian Constitutional Court on the said problems is presented in the article, starting from 25 November 2002 judgment till the recent decision of 20 April 2010.In the end of the article some conclusions are given, i.e.: it is recommended to renounce the system of so called state pensions, for it does not have expressis verbis constitutional justification and it may stimulate social injustice in the society; one's right to pension should not be directly related to one's property rights; working (and receiving salary) pensioners may not have constitutionally protected legal expectations to be granted all amount of particular pension, and these expectations are not to be violated if pensions should be diminished in the case of economic crisis, demographic changes of the society or other objective reasons, causing reduction of payments to the state's and social security budget; economic crisis should be treated as certain state of exception (force majeure) from the common standard of social rights of the society in particular time; the requirement of Lithuanian Constitutional Court for "just compensation" of reduced social security and other pensions should not be taken literary, but instead should be treated as a duty for the Government to find other social advantages for the people influenced by these reductions. [From the publication]