Archeologija ir statistinė analizė : duomenų parengimas statistiniam tyrimui kompiuteriu ir pagrindinių analitinių metodų taikymo pavyzdžiai

LTStraipsnyje pristatomi svarbiausi archeologijoje taikytini statistinės analizės metodai, pateikiama jų atlikimo SPSS programa pavyzdžių, pasinaudojant kalkių skiedinių cheminių tyrimų duomenimis. Teorinis pagrindas yra radinio kaip teksto semiotine prasme samprata, derinama su kompiuterinės techninės ir programinės įrangos bei matematinių statistinės analizės metodų taikymu. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Archeologija; Statistika; Skaitmeniniai duomenys; Kintamieji; Analizė; Archaeology; Statistics; Digital data; Variables; Analysis.

ENThe goal of archaeology is an objective examination of a research subject (past societies) using material sources left by those cultures (archaeological finds). We presume that the best way to research large quantities of information is by using statistical methods. Statistical software allows us to process incredible amounts of archaeological data; statistical methods (if chosen correctly) highlight consistent patterns without any interpretation. Statistical methods are only instruments for recording; their results can only be interpreted by the researcher. Most fundamental natural laws are formulated using propositions with a generality quantifier. In other words they are understood as natural (not linked in any way with the researcher's personality) and universal. The search for natural and/or universal laws in the humanities was inconclusive (for example Marxism). Despite fairly comprehensive research or even theses written for a degree on this subject, it is doubtful whether anybody will succeed in finding something in archaeology that is similar to the laws of gravitation, Kepler, or genetic inheritance. The only consistent patterns that we can find in archaeology can be formulated on the basis of statistical conclusions. Statistical analysis software, which 'performs' most of the complex mathematical work and lets us see only the results, greatly facilitates the work of researchers - archaeologists.The article presents the most important statistical analysis methods applicable for archaeology and presents examples of their performance using SPSS software. The statistical research examples use chemical analysis data for lime mortar. The theoretical basis is the perception of a find as a text in a semiotic sense, which perception is compatible with the application of computer hardware and software and of mathematical statistical analysis methods. [From the publication]