Žemės ūkio viešųjų gėrybių teikimo reguliavimas ekonominės vertės pagrindu

LTŽemės ūkis ne tik kuria prekinę produkciją, bet ir daro įvairiapusę įtaką aplinkai. Kaip teigiamų žemės ūkio išorės efektų rezultatas sukuriamos viešosios gėrybės, o dėl intensyvios aplinkosauginiu požiūriu nesubalansuotos žemės ūkio veiklos padaroma žala aplinkai. Kyla būtinybė moksliškai pagrįsti optimalią visuomenės požiūriu žemės ūkio viešųjų gėrybių apimtį, sukurti visuomenės akceptuojamą žemės ūkio išorės efektų reguliavimo ir viešųjų gėrybių teikimo sistemą, pagrįsti tinkamiausius metodus žemės ūkio išorės efektams reguliuoti. Straipsnyje, parengtame daktaro disertacijos pagrindu, nagrinėjamos žemės ūkio viešųjų gėrybių teikimo ekonominio reguliavimo tobulinimo galimybės, pateiktas žemės ūkio viešųjų gėrybių teikimo ekonominės vertės pagrindu modelis. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Ekonominis reguliavimas; Išorės efektai; Viešosios gėrybės; Žemės ūkis; Agriculture; Economic regulation; Externalities; Public goods.

ENPublic attitude to countryside and agriculture has been changing recently in Europe. Countryside is regarded as space of consumption but not only production, while the role of agriculture is not only production of commodity goods but also formation of open space and active cultural landscape, nurturance of monuments and living expression of etnoculture. Changes in the opinion of the European society about agriculture when "quantity for the lowest price" yields the grounds of paramount importance to such things as food quality, consumers' health, value of biodiversity, rural landscape and environmental resources as well as preservation of family farms and local cultural and rural traditions have led scientists and politicians to search for new tools that enable internalization of agricultural externalities and security of optimal provision of agricultural public goods. In two last decades research on economical regulation of agricultural externalities and provision of public goods has developed significantly. Unfortunately regulation of agricultural externalities faces serious difficulties. Most agricultural externalities are not included into market relations. […]. Combination of marketable and not-marketable production maximizing welfare of the society members is not secure in the market. Thus, public regulation is needed, but both theoretical background for achievement of the desirable result and rational measures of economical policy are lacking.Absence of scientifically reasoned methodological principles and concrete methodic for agricultural public goods valuation doesn't allow to rationalize economical regulation of agricultural public goods provision and to secure the extent of society desired agricultural public goods. Creation of the society accepted system for regulation of agricultural externalities and provision of public goods and reasoning of the best methods for regulation of agricultural externalities are becoming urgent. Security of desirable level of agricultural public goods supply requires to create the system for agricultural public goods provision regulation on the basis of economical value, which is based on the estimation of agricultural public goods demand and supply formation conditions; on the subsidies, reflecting benefit from agricultural public goods and alternative costs of their creation; on cancellation of all subsidies that have no social and economical substantiation; on direct payments dissociation from production and support relation with provision of public goods; on tax system, based on assessment of environmental polluters and users of not-renewable energy sources. Created model of agricultural public goods provision regulation on the basis of economic value allowed into consequent system integrate substantiation of the reasons determining the importance of agricultural public goods provision economical regulation, selection of the regulation measures and evaluation of the consequences to society, rural development and economical entities. […]. [From the publication]