Lietuvos žydų halachinis mąstymas
LTStraipsnyje svarstomos Lietuvos žydų halachinio mąstymo ypatybės, pasitelkus keletą XVIII a. pabaigos – XX a. pradžios rabinų tekstų. Straipsnyje aptariama, kaip šis mąstymas XIX a. buvo ideologiškai išreikštas mitnagdiška (t. y. opozicine chasidizmui) priešprieša. Kaip plačiai žinoma, atsiradus šiai priešpriešai, paplito litvako, kaip palinkusio prie storų Talmudo tomų ir benarpliojančio sudėtingas nuo aktualaus gyvenimo realijų atitrauktas halachines problemas, stereotipas, priešpriešintas religinio entuziazmo apimto chasido stereotipui. Straipsnyje parodoma, kad Lietuvos Halachos autoritetų Halachos samprata buvo grįsta ne pragmatiškumo, o pragmatiško nesuinteresuotumo nuostata, siekiant religinio Halachos studijavimo idealo, suprantamo kaip studijavimas dėl paties studijavimo. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Analitinis mąstymas; Chaimas iš Valažino; Chaimas iš Valežino; Chasidai; Halacha; Lietuvos rabinai; Mitnagdai; Vilniaus Gaonas; Žydų teisė; Analytical thinking; Halakha; Hayim of Volozhin; Haym of Volozhin; Jewish right; Lithuania halakha; Lithuanian Halakha; Vilna Gaon; Vilno Gaon.
EN1. Lithuanian rabbis have been studying halakhic sources as valuable in themselves, and not just, or not so much for the legal practice. There were rather theoretical religious-legal activities of intellect than activity, based on pragmatic purposes, seeking to regulate religious practices and ethical attitudes. 2. Texts of Lithuanian rabbis reveal that ritual matters, even related to the Second Temple period, were most analyzed and even in the beginning of twentieth century in the search both of solving some of the current halakhic problems, as well as simply analyzing problems purely theoretically. Mainly have been used analytical and analogical methods. 3. As is apparent from examples of commentaries to Halakhot Gdolot by R. Zeev Wolf ben Arye Lipkin (end of 18th–19th c.), also commentaries of Vilna Gaon, Lithuanian rabbis analyzed texts of halakhic authorities carefully and critically, comparing them with the Halakha sources (Talmud, Tosefta), indicating even inaccuracies. 4. Lithuanian halakhic thought, influenced by Vilna Gaon, was characterized by a certain devotion to original texts, sources of the Halakha, whose authority surpassed authority of codex’s of subsequent generations, using critical analytical thinking, principle of analogy, by trusting one’s own reason, that originated from a certain religious attitude. 5. In the book of Chaim of Volozhin, on of the main authors for studying contrasts of hassidic and mitnagdic Thought’s in Lithuania, Nefesh ha-Hayim, is seen a mitnagdic attempt to ground superiority of studying of Torah and Halakha without any pragmatic interest, as the central religious practice, even if based on the same mystical Jewish heritage that served hassidim to develop quite different religious attitudes. [From the publication]
