Nekilnojamojo kultūros paveldo ne rinkos vertinimas : poreikis, galimybės, reikšmė

LTPagrindinis straipsnio tikslas – išanalizuoti nekilnojamojo kultūros paveldo ne rinkos vertinimo poreikį, galimybes ir reikšmę paveldosaugos veiklai. Aplinkos ištekliams ir kitoms ekonominėms gėrybėms taikomi rinkų duomenimis ir atliekant sociologines apklausas gaunamais duomenimis paremti ne rinkos verčių nustatymo metodai gali būti taikomi visoms nekilnojamojo kultūros paveldo teikiamų ne rinkos verčių kategorijoms nustatyti: hedoninės kainos metodas gali būti taikomas gyvenimo istorinėje aplinkoje teikiamoms ne rinkos naudojimo vertėms nustatyti; kelionės kainos metodas gali būti naudojamas tiesioginio rekreacinio naudojimo ne rinkos vertėms nustatyti; numatomojo vertinimo metodas apima plačiausią nekilnojamojo kultūros paveldo ne rinkos verčių spektrą. Šis metodas gali būti naudojamas tiesioginio ir netiesioginio naudojimo ne rinkos vertėms ir nenaudojimo vertėms nustatyti. Nekilnojamojo kultūros paveldo, kaip kultūrinės gėrybės ir riboto neatkuriamo aplinkos ištekliaus, prigimtis lemia ne rinkos vertinimo metodų pritaikymo poreikį. Aptartus ne rinkos verčių nustatymo metodus pritaikius nekilnojamajam kultūros paveldui ir suvienodinus vertinimo procedūras, ne rinkos vertinimas galėtų būti traktuojamas kaip viena iš paveldotyros krypčių, o jo rezultatai galėtų būti naudojami priimant sprendimus, susijusius su paveldonaudos ir paveldotvarkos režimais bei paveldošvietos galimybėmis.Reikšminiai žodžiai: Ekonominis gėris; Ekonominis vertinimas; Ekonominė analizė; Kultūros paveldas; Ne rinkos vertinimas; Ne-rinkos vertinimas; Paveldosauga; Socialinis požiūris; Cultural Heritage; Economic analysis; Economic evaluation; Economic goods; Non-market evaluation; Non-market valuation; Social points of view.

ENImmovable cultural heritage, such as historic buildings and structures, their ensembles and historic sites, can be treated as economic goods and are significant from economic and social points of view. One of the trends of economic analysis of immovable cultural heritage is nonmarket valuation. Non-market valuation of immovable cultural heritage can be defined as determination of non-market values of historic buildings, structures, ensembles and other immovable objects of cultural significance. The need of nonmarket valuation of immovable cultural heritage is determined by numerous factors. Three most important of them are: the nature of immovable cultural heritage as heterogeneous economic cultural good, wide spectrum of categories of nonmarket values provided by immovable cultural heritage, and the concept of immovable cultural heritage as limited environmental resource. The analysis of literature has demonstrated that science of economics offers valuation methods for determining all categories of non-market values of immovable cultural heritage. All these methods are consistently applied for valuation of environmental amenities since the second half of the 20th century. For example hedonic price method, currently applied for valuation of environmental quality and real estate price analysis, can be applied for determining non-market values associated with living in historic environment.Travel cost method, currently applied for valuation of natural recreational resources, can be applied to determine non-market direct recreational use value provided by immovable cultural heritage. Contingent valuation method, applied for non-market valuation of numerous categories of public and private goods, can encompass all range of non-market values provided by immovable cultural heritage from indirect use values to non-use values. However, the nature of cultural heritage as cultural good and limited environmental resource requires adapting these methods. Above-mentioned methods after adapting them for non-market valuation of immovable cultural heritage and after unifying valuation procedures can become integral part of immovable cultural heritage research field. Nonmarket valuation can be useful for determining economic potential of built heritage objects, for allocating limited resources for their preservation more optimally, for determining losses of non-market values caused by decline or inappropriate maintenance of built heritage objects etc. Moreover, methods based on data acquired through sociological surveys can be beneficial for integration of society into heritage preservation processes. [text from author]

• Ekonomika / Economics
• Sociologija / Sociology