Viešbučių sektoriaus poveikis Palangos miesto ekonomikai

LTStraipsnyje analizuojama apgyvendinimo samprata, apibrėžiama jo vieta turizme bei įvardijamos charakteristikos, nusakančios iš ko susidaro apgyvendinimo paslauga. [...] Straipsnyje analizuojamas vieno iš svarbiausių Lietuvos kurortų - Palangos viešbučių sektorius ir tai, kaip turistų išlaidos įtakoja viešbučius bei viso miesto ekonomiką. Siekiant šio tikslo pristatomi instrumentai, kurių pagalba galima vertinti turizmo poveikį ekonomikai. Norint detaliai įvertinti apgyvendinimo sektoriaus įtaką regiono ekonomikai, analizuojamas tiesioginis ir antrinis poveikiai, kurių pastarąjį sudaro netiesioginis ir dirbtinis. Straipsnyje pristatomi ekonominiam poveikiui apskaičiuoti naudojami įvairūs multiplikatoriai ir įėjimo-išėjimo modelis. Plačiau pristatomas bendras multiplikatoriaus efektas, kuris pasireiškia regiono ekonomikoje tuomet, kai atvykstantys turistai (tiek atvykstantys užsieniečiai, tiek vietiniai turistai iš kitų rajonų) išleidžia pinigus apgyvendinimo paslaugoms, taip padidindami bendras kurorto pajamas tiek apgyvendinimo sektoriuje, tiek kituose sektoriuose, kartais net netiesiogiai susijusiuose su turizmu. Ši analizė įvertina pokyčius tam tikruose sektoriuose dėl pasikeitusių turistų išlaidų, nagrinėja apgyvendinimo sektoriaus indėlį į regiono ekonomiką: sukuriamas pajamas ir darbo vietas apgyvendinimo sektoriuje bei dėl to pasikeitusią kitų sektorių gamybą ir namų ūkių vartojimą. Siekiant straipsnyje užsibrėžto tikslo, vertinamas Palangos miesto viešbučių indėlis į miesto ekonomiką, skaičiuojamas tiesioginis ir antrinis poveikiai. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Apgyvendinimo sektorius; Ekonominis poveikis; Multiplikatoriaus efektas; Netiesioginis poveikis; Palanga; Tiesioginis poveikis; Turizmas; Turizmo ekonominis poveikis; Viešbučiai; A multiplier effect; Accommodation sector; Direct effect; Economic effect; Hotels; Indirect effect; Multipliers effect; Palanga; Tourism; Tourism economic impact.

ENThere is analyzed the meaning of accommodation in this article. Also there is described the part that accommodation meaning takes in the tourism industry and listed characteristics that describe the constitution of accommodation service. Accommodation service is one of the main and most important elements during the travelling tourist vacation. The expenses of the accommodation usually appear about 30 percent from whole tourism service package value. One of the most popular type of accommodation that tourist usually choose is hotels. Hotels offer to tourists full service packages that include various services and attract tourists. The sector of accommodation attracts tourists that usually bring currency into the tourism places and coming tourists bring more income into the whole region economy. First of all successful accommodation services allow to employ more workers and that means that in the area appear more work places and decrees unemployment figures. Also successful tourism industry help to sell to tourists directly or indirectly lots of other industries products like energy, water, food, souvenirs, textiles and etc. There is analyzed one of the most important resorts of Lithuania - Palanga hotel sector in this article. We analyze situation and how money that tourists spend during their vacation in town can affect hotels and whole town economy. There are introduced instruments that help to evaluate effect of the tourism for the economy. Total accommodation impact to local economy can be estimated by counting direct and secondary effects. The secondary effect is comprised from induced and indirect effects.We introduce multipliers and input-output model as methods that many authors use to evaluate the total economy impact to local region. There is more widely introduced an effect of multiplier that appears in local economy when tourists (foreigners either tourists from other country municipalities) arrive and start spending money for accommodation. The expenses they make allow hotels and other accommodation service suppliers to increase their income and also income increase for all the resort companies that supply various services including those that are indirectly related to tourism. This analysis evaluates the changes in various sectors that appear after income from tourist changes, analyzed influence of accommodation sector towards local economy. This study analyses tourists' expenditures impact to one of the most important resort of Lithuania - Palanga hotel sector. It estimates direct, indirect and induced effects. There was found out in this article that Palanga hotels during 2008 received 65 million litas income which 33 percent came from foreign tourists. Although the greatest total economical effect was during 2007. Because of the slowed down economy during 2008 the total economical effect reduced by 17 percent. During period from 2006 up to 2008 tourist in Palanga spend 210.89 million litas. The total economic effect of above mentioned amount of tourist spending made 387.09 million litas. Every litas that tourist spend made 1.8 times bigger economics effect from which 83 cents were secondary effect. [From the publication]