Baudžiamosios atsakomybės senaties pateisinimo problema

LTStraipsnyje nagrinėjamas Lietuvos teisės moksle ilgai buvęs iš esmės bet praktikoje (ypač pastaruoju metu) itin aktualiu tapęs baudžiamosios senaties institutas. Analizuojamos baudžiamosios justicijos moksle senaties instituto pagrindimo teorijos ir kai kurie iš jų išplaukiantys senaties teisinio reguliavimo modelių ypatumai. Ypatingas dėmesys skiriamas baudžiamojoje teisėje vyraujančiai kaltininko „pasitaisymo“, kaip taikymo pagrindo, teorijai. Atskleidžiamas jos teorinis nepagrįstumas ir to sąlygojamos praktinio senaties taikymo problemos. Kritiškai įvertinus visą senatį mėginančių teorijų spektrą, išskiriamos asmeninio ryšio tarp kaltininko ir nusikalstamos veikos nunykimo bei baudžiamosios atsakomybės taikymo visuomenei nunykimo teorijos, kurios turėtų sudaryti pagrindą naują senaties instituto teisinio reguliavimo modelį. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Baudžiamasis Kodeksas; Baudžiamoji atsakomybė, senatis, kaltinininko pataisymas; Baudžiamosios atsakomybės senatis; Criminal Code; Criminal liability, statute of limitations, reform of perpetrators personality; Criminal statutes of limitation.

ENThe article discusses different theoretical backgrounds for the statutes of limitations and also peculiarities of legal regulation that result from these backgrounds. Special attention is paid to the theory of "Reform of Perpetrators Personality" that prevails in Lithuanian doctrine of the criminal law at the present time. This theory says that it is purposeless to impose criminal liability for the perpetrator if he or she did not commit a new crime for a long time, but on the other hand statutes of limitations should not be applicable if a perpetrator had committed a new crime during the period of statutes of limitations for the former one. The author argues that this theory should be regarded as theoretically insufficiently grounded and also non-functional in practice. The author also comes to the conclusion that all the processual theories do not justify existence of statutes of limitations in the system of the criminal justice either. He argues that existence of statutes of limitations in the criminal justice can be justified only by material reasons, related to the question of punish ability. After a lengthy period of time imposition of criminal liability becomes purposeless because personal relationship between perpetrator and his criminal act vanishes and also social interest in imposition of criminal liability diminishes critically. It is proposed that these provisions should constitute the theoretical background for the new model of legal regulation of statutes of limitations in the Lithuanian criminal law. [From the publication]