Lietuvių kalbos ugdymas : žinios, mokėjimai, kompetencijos

LTPastaruoju metu pedagoginėje literatūroje daug diskutuojama ne tik dėl atskirų mokomųjų dalykų turinio apimties, bet ir dėl suteikiamų žinių, žinojimo, įgyjamų mokėjimų, įgūdžių, gebėjimų ir kompetencijų per atskirų dalykų pamokas. Į aktyvią edukologijos terminų vartoseną ateina vertybinių nuostatų, kompetencijų terminai. Straipsnyje kalbama apie lietuvių gimtosios kalbos žinias, mokėjimus (juos sudaro žinios, supratimas, įgūdis), nuostatas, kompetencijas. Analitiniu aprašomuoju ir lyginamuoju metodais aptariama kompetencijų sąvoka, turinys, ugdytinos kompetencijos per lietuvių kalbos pamokas. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Žinios; Mokėjimas; Nuostatos; Kompetencija; Knowledge; Skills; Attitudes; Competences.

ENRecently, a lot of discussions in pedagogical literature have been dedicated not only to the scope of teaching of individual academic subjects, but also to the knowledge, abilities, skills, and competences acquired during individual academic subject lessons. Today, the concepts of values and competences can be met more often in the active educological vocabulary than in the past. It goes without saying that different authors provide different interpretations of these concepts. The article discusses how the concepts in question are interpreted in the Encyclopaedia of Educology, European Commission documents, and general curricula. Upon conducting an analysis of the aforementioned sources, the following keywords were chosen to be used in the article when discussing the teaching of Lithuanian as the native language: knowledge, abilities (comprising knowledge, knowing, and skills), competence, and attitudes (values). The legal acts regulating the Lithuanian language as an academic subject in secondary school name concepts such as attitudes (values), knowledge and understanding, and abilities. In addition to the said aspects, the 2008 curriculum emphasises the development of pupils' language and communication competences. Thus, it is the first time that any documents concerning a specific academic subject deal with the development of competences. It should be noted that pupils' Lithuanian language knowledge, understanding, and skills can be characterised by considering several aspects. National pupils' reading and writing achievement studies are carried out, and the results of the studies are analysed in various articles. So far, pupils' values have received least attention in the said analyses. Competences have not been researched whatsoever.The fact that we do not have any studies dedicated to competences was among other things determined by the situation in the school practice: for many decades, when talking about the content of specific academic subjects, the importance of knowledge was emphasised, and knowledge constituted the main priority. Constructivism, which is one of the main directions of educational activity nowadays, emphasises the development of abilities and competences. Therefore, this article deals with the concept of competences, and presents the content of the competences that should be developed in the context of a specific academic subject (Lithuanian as the native language). Furthermore, the author analyses what opportunities for competence development during Lithuanian language lessons are provided by the programming documents, and deals with the issue of the development of communication skills and ability to acquire knowledge during Lithuanian language lessons. In the opinion of the author, attitudes (values) are a constituent part of competences; therefore, when discussing the competences that should be taught during Lithuanian language lessons, the discussion is based on the presupposition that competences are the entirety of abilities (knowledge, understanding, and skills) and attitudes (values). [From the publication]