Žvalgybinė veikla ir žvalgybinės informacijos panaudojimas tiriant nusikalstamas veikas : "de lege lata - de lege ferenda"

LTStraipsnyje nagrinėjamos įslaptintos žvalgybinės informacijos panaudojimo tendencijos bei perspektyvos. Nauji visuomenės, valstybių saugumo iššūkiai lemia poreikį ne tik keisti žvalgybos institucijų požiūrį į jų valdomą informaciją, bet ir ieškoti būdų, kaip veiksmingai išnaudoti šių institucijų surinktą žvalgybinio pobūdžio informaciją kovojant tiek su išorės, tiek su vidaus grėsmėmis. Dar nuo Votergeito skandalo laikų pastebimas žvalgybos institucijų nenoras, pridengtas „būtina žinoti“ principu, dalytis savo sukaupta žvalgybine informacija ne tik su kitų žvalgybų institucijomis, bet ir su jų veiklą turinčiomis kontroliuoti ar kontroliuojančiomis institucijomis, nėra kliūtis, kurios laikui bėgant nebūtų galima įveikti. Kur kas sudėtingiau yra ne žvalgybos institucijas įtikinti, o esant būtinumui priversti dalytis žvalgybine informacija, bet sulaužyti per dešimtmečius susiformavusius stereotipus, įveikti baimes, jog žvalgybinė informacija, o tuo labiau įslaptinta, kuri buvo surinkta ne baudžiamojo persekiojimo tikslais, pavieniais, išimtiniais atvejais gali būti naudojama baudžiamajame procese. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Baudžiamasis procesas; Įslaptinta informacija; Žvalgyba; Žvalgybinė informacija; Žvalgybos informacija; Criminal procedure; Intelligence; Intelligence information; Secret information.

ENNew challenges arising for the society and the security of the countries, and new threats emerging after well-organised and planned terror attacks in various parts of the world (for example, New York, Madrid, London, etc.) determine a need to change the attitude towards the information collected by intelligence agencies and look for effective ways to use this intelligence information to fight both external and internal threats to the states. On 18 December 2006 by implementing The Hague Programme the EU Council adopted a Framework Decision 2006/960/TVR regarding the simplification of the exchange of information and intelligence-related information among the law enforcement institutions of the European Union member States. The aim of this Framework Decision was to establish the rules for the facilitation of information accessibility providing the member States with a possibility to exchange information more efficiently for the purposes of the prevention and investigation of criminal acts. Even though the provisions of this Framework Decision were developed following the principle "need to know", this Framework Decision is considered to be a global initiative which could give the grounds for the change in the point of view of the intelligence agencies to the information collected and, at the same time, to stimulate them to share information. It is an open secret that traditional intelligence services in many countries of the world do not include the usage of intelligence-related information for the purposes of the investigation of criminal acts, as the proper realisation of the intelligence functions is always a priority for intelligence agencies.Having prioritized the preventive functions regarding prosecution and criminal acts, intelligence agencies should sacrifice their primary interests in order not to be accused of hiding or not timely preventing criminal acts in the future. However, the fact that intelligence agencies do not use or avoid using intelligence-related information for the purposes of the investigation of criminal acts does not mean that it could not be used for law enforcement purposes. Traditionally, criminality, as well as its organised forms, is considered to be a problem of the majority of the states; however, this phenomenon has not yet reached such a large extent that the use of the intelligence services for law enforcement purposes could be justified. Still, in some countries, especially in young democracies, it is possible for the criminality to achieve an extent which could be considered as a threat to the national security of the state and to the system of democracy. Precisely a threat to national security can be regarded as a special case when intelligence institutions could and, according to their competence, would be obliged to contribute to the fight against criminality. In order to pursue this, it is necessary to have not only special legal authorities enabling the execution of law enforcement functions in exceptional cases, but also special procedural rules extending the authority of intelligence institutions and, in compliance with the laws, restricting the rights or legal interests of individuals. […]. [From the publication]