Kriminalinės viktimizacijos tyrimų aktualijos

LTViktimologiniai tyrimai - vienas iš dažniausiai taikomų nusikalstamumo tyrimo metodų. Respondentų apklausos apie tai, ar jie nukentėjo nuo nusikalstamų veikų, arba apie nukentėjusiųjų artimuosius suteikia duomenų apie visuomenės viktimizacijos lygį, o atsakymai į klausimą, ar apie nusikaltimą buvo pranešta policijai ir kokia buvo jos reakcija, suteikia duomenų apie latentinį nusikalstamumą. Pirmieji viktimologiniai tyrimai buvo atlikti JAV septintajame XX a. dešimtmetyje. Jungtinės Tautos (JT) periodiškai inicijuoja ir organizuoja tarptautinius lyginamuosius viktimologinius tyrimus įvairiose Europos ir kitose pasaulio šalyse, taikydamos vienodą metodiką, parengtą JT Tarpregioninio nusikalstamumo ir teisės tyrimų instituto (UNICRI, Italija) ir kitų mokslo tiriamųjų centrų. [...] Straipsnyje nagrinėjami aktualūs kriminalinės viktimizacijos tyrimų klausimai studentų viktimizacijos patirties pavyzdžiu. Aprašomi tyrimo, atlikto autorės ir Vilniaus universiteto Teisės ir Filosofijos fakultetų studentų autorės dėstomo viktimologijos kurso metu, rezultatai, lyginant juos su kitų viktimologinių tyrimų duomenimis. Daromos viktimologinių tyrimų ir jų perspektyvos Lietuvoje išvados. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Viktimologija; Viktimizacija; Victimology; Victimisation.

ENThe paper deals with the urgent issues in the field of criminal victimization survey. [...] On the basis of research conducted, conclusions are made as regards victimological research and its prospects in Lithuania. In the course of carrying out research, it was sought to clarify: 1) the victimization experience of students, of their relatives and acquaintances; 2) the work of law enforcement institutions in Lithuania and their evaluation; 3) the feeling of safety of respondents and fear of crime; 4) the problems of the social and legal protection for crime victims. It was aimed at clarifying the aspects of the feeling of safety and fear of crime, how the respondents evaluate the system of protection against crime offences in Lithuania, their knowledge about the provision of free legal assistance, compensation of damage caused by violent crimes in Lithuania, and about the opportunities of the institute of mediation in the criminal cases. The respondents were also requested to submit proposals seeking to improve the situation of protection from criminal acts. Research showed that a risk of victimization is characteristic of the student environment. 27,6% of the students experienced criminal offences, most often personal thefts. About a half of the respondents (46.3%) indicated that their relatives and acquaintances have suffered from different criminal acts.Data showed that the main reason for not reporting to the law enforcement institutions is the opinion that the law enforcement institutions could do nothing (38.5% of the respondents, 35.9 of the respondents assert they have not reported about the incident as it was not a quite serious accident, 12.8% solved the problem themselves). More than a half of the students hold that in Lithuania there is no sufficient information about the protection of persons, victims of criminal offences (60.1%), 11.3% of the respondents have never heard about such protection. The results of victimization research relating to the student environment provided in the article show that they may be necessary not only for didactic purposes. Victimological research provides infonnation what persons arc especially in the danger of victimization and what situation are most dangerous in this respect. It is especially important when speaking about practical victimology, which is oriented towards provision of assistance to the victim. Victimology should be treated not only as an empirical subject but also as the practical activity in the field of improvement of the position of victims. The paper underlines the need for creation of the infrastructure of help and assistance for the victims of criminal offences. [From the publication]