Katalikiškų bendruomenių teatras : Šiluvos patirtis

LTTūkstantmečių sankirtos Lietuvos teatrų kūryboje vis dar pastebimi religinės jausenos ženklai, lydėję menininkus tiek klasikinio, tiek modernaus teatro laikotarpiais. Šiame straipsnyje pristatomos religinio teatro ištakos, teorinės katalikiškų bendruomenių sakralinio teatro kūrybos nuostatos, apžvelgiamos Lietuvos katalikiškų bendruomenių teatrinės iniciatyvos, pristatomi atskiri sakralinio teatro pavyzdžiai. Straipsnyje aptariama Šiluvos parapijiečių teatrinė kūryba 1934–1944 m.: poeto Mykolo Linkevičiaus dramos „Marijos šventovė“ pastatymai, šio spektaklio rekonstrukcija ir kūrybinė interpretacija išeivijoje; 1957–1959 m. Švč. Mergelės Marijos Nekaltojo Prasidėjimo Vargdienių seserų kongregacijos Putname (JAV) sukurti spektakliai „Šiluvos stebuklas“ ir šiuolaikinės katalikiškos bendruomenės – Eucharistinio Jėzaus seserų kongregacijos seserų globojamų vaikų teatralizuota meditacija, vaidinta Šiluvoje, bažnyčios prieangyje 2008 m. Straipsnyje siekiama atskleisti estetines spektaklio „Marijos šventovė“ prasmes, skirtingose laiko ir erdvės dimensijose sukurto atminties apie Šiluvos stebuklą teatrinės metaforos bendruomenines reikšmes. Lyginamoji pastatymų analizė suteikia galimybę išryškinti sakralinio teatro kaip atminties, mneumoninių strategijų ir rekolekcinės paskirties metaforą. Šiluvos spektaklio rekonstrukcija šiame straipsnyje atliekama remiantis plačiais sakralinio teatro teorijos ir praktikos kontekstais, su kuriais supažindinama pristatant įspūdingus sakralinio teatro istorijos Lietuvoje puslapius. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Sakralinis teatras; Teatras vienuolijose; Bendruomenių teatras; Atminties metaforos; Sacral theatre; Theatre in monkhoods; Community theatre; Memory of metaphors.

ENThis article introduces the beginnings of religious theatre and theoretical attitudes of catholic communities towards theatre creation, surveys theatre initiatives of Lithuanian monkhoods during Soviet times, and also presents and compares performances created by Šiluva parishioners and the congregation of the Sisters of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary of the Poor in Putnam (USA). Creations of homo religioso, begun in Jesuit theatrical representations in Lithuania, retained in the inter-war performances of Šiluva parishioners, and seasoned in the underground and Soviet time theatrical activity of monkhoods, have reached the 21st century and revived for a new life in the community of Šiluva worshippers. The paper discusses the theatrical creation of Šiluva parishioners during 1934–1944: it analyses productions of the drama The Shrine of Mary by the poet Mykolas Linkevičius, the reconstruction of that drama in the emigration by the congregation of the Sisters of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary of the Poor in Putnam (USA) in 1957–1959 as The Miracle of Šiluva, and a theatricalised meditation by children fostered by sisters of a contemporary catholic community of the Congregation of the Sisters of the Eucharist Jesus performed in Šiluva in the porch of the church in 2008.An attempt is made to reveal aesthetic implications of the play The Shrine of Mary and communal meanings of the theatrical metaphor of the memory of the Apparition of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Šiluva in 1608, created in different dimensions of time and space. The metatheatre of catholic communities, which involves theatrical meditations of parishioners and monkhoods, creates the theatre of memory. A theatrical representation of metaphors of sacral memory creates and meditates the identity of a community. The representations of Šiluva plays revived the self-concept of the relation of man and God, whereas the reminiscence about theatrical representations of the faith and catholic identity built the bridges over the precipices of the 20th century secularization and social cataclysms. The theatrical representations of the self-concept of homo religioso in the Jesuit Baroque theatre created the strategy for the Salvation of the soul. In the stagings of The Miracle of Šiluva this strategy was supplemented with the attitude towards the reminiscence as memorisation. Theatrical metaphors of the memory about the Apparition of Virgin Mary in Šiluva in the stagings of the Mykolas Linkevičius’ drama The Shrine of Mary, performances of the Sisters of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Putnam and theatricalised meditations of the Mysteries of the Rosary by children fostered by sisters of the Congregation of the Sisters of the Eucharist Jesus performed in Šiluva all have consolidated the identity of people who experience the mystery of God. [From the publication]