Šiluvos parapija XVII a.

LTStraipsnyje tiriama, kokiais būdais buvo stiprinama Šiluvos bažnyčia XVII a., pagrindinių fundatorių ir donatorių nuopelnai, apibūdinama sielovadinė, švietėjiška ir karitatyvinė veikla, aptariama ūkinė padėtis. Šiluvos parapija XVII a. sparčiai kilo ir plėtojosi. Atgavus fundaciją iš kalvinistų, per trumpą laiką buvo ne tik atstatyta ir įrengta bažnyčia, bet ir koplyčia. Švč. Mergelės Marijos apsireiškimas padėjo įtvirtinti sielovados programą, vykdyti Tridento susirinkimo nuostatas. Šiluvos parapija tapo viena svarbiausių Lietuvos šventovių. XVII a. įsitvirtino stebuklingojo Švč. Mergelės Marijos su Kūdikiu paveikslo, kabojusio Didžiajame altoriuje, pagerbimo tradicija, o Šiluvos koplyčioje, pastatytoje ant akmens, prie kurio apsireiškė Švč. Mergelė Marija, buvo pagerbiamas peršautasis Nukryžiuotojo paveikslas. Nuo XVII a. pirmosios pusės Šiluvos parapija naudojosi išskirtine vyskupų globa bei materialine parama, parapijai gausiai aukojo parapijiečiai bajorai, iš kurių žymiausi fundatoriai buvo Gabrielius Skaraitis, fundavęs bažnyčioje Šv. Kryžiaus altorių, suteikęs paramą švietimo ir karitatyvinės veiklos plėtotei parapijoje, ir Kristupas Kochaną, suteikęs lėšų keturių mansionaristų išlaikymui ir Švč. Mergelės Marijos Valandų giedojimui. Daugiausia Šiluvos parapijos suklestėjimui nusipelnė jos tiesioginiai šeimininkai klebonai Jonas Kazakevičius Smolka, Mikalojus Sviechovskis ir Joakimas Skirmantas bei jų pagalbininkai, kurie rūpinosi tiek parapijos materialine padėtimi, tiek, visų pirma, sielovada.Reikšminiai žodžiai: Šiluva; Bažnyčia; Parapija; Fundacija; Klebonas; Vizitacija; Altorius; Tarpkonfesiniai santykiai; Šiluva; Church; Parish; Foundation; Parish priest; Church visitation; Altar; Katalikų bažnyčia; Confessional relations.

ENThe Implementation of the Council of Trent programme made parishes of the Lithuanian Catholic Church flourish in the 17th century. The foundation of the Šiluva church previously seized by Calvinists was returned to Catholics in 1622. Through the 17th century, most important traditions of devotion and their ways of expression took shape in Šiluva. The Apparition of the Blessed Virgin Mary in 1608 turned the parish into one of the most important religious centers in Lithuania. This article discusses the growth of material facilities of the parish and evolution of devotional practices. The research is based on the visitation of the bishop Kazimieras Pacas in 1677, on the documents from the Šiluva archives and on other sources. The Šiluva parish was one of the richest in Samogitia in the 17th century. Up to 52 families of serfs (in Polish dym) belonged to it. Samogitian bishops had the right of patronage. They always paid special attention to Šiluva. The priests of the Šiluva parish through the 17th century who contributed the most to the florescence of the parish were the canon of Samogitia Jonas Kazakevičius Smolka (till 1646), the procurator of Samogitian capitula Mikalojus Sviechovskis (till 1672) and the canon of Samogitia Joakimas Skirmantas. They always had many collaborators who helped them in material and devotional issues. A new church was built in Šiluva just after the retrieval of the foundation. In 1641, it was replaced by a larger wooden cross-shaped parochial church. The miraculous image The Blessed Virgin Mary with the Child was kept in the High altar. On the sides there were the altars of The Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary and The Holy Cross.The latter was founded around 1643 by Gabrielius Klausgaila Skaraitis. In 1640 Kristupas Kochanas founded by his testament the sustenance of four mansionarists (Latin mansionarii) and chant of Hours of the Blessed Virgin Mary. Because of this occasion the Šiluva church was transformed into the prepositor in 1651. The Bishop of Samogitia Petras Parčevskis implemented its consecration. In 1664 Marija Ozemblovska Talatova gave funds for the eternal light near the Holly Sacrament. In 1670 Jeronimas Ivanauskis looked after the construction of a new High altar. In 1674 there was created a gilded silver casing for the miraculous image. The fourth altar of All Saints was constructed in the church. The largest attention in the Šiluva parish was paid to the nurturance of the cult of the Blessed Virgin Mary. The tradition of veneration of the image of The Blessed Virgin Mary with the Child was rooted. The shot-through image of The Crucifix was venerated in the Šiluva chapel that was built on the stone where the Blessed Virgin Mary appeared. The parish paid special attention to the recollection of its patrons: Bishops of Samogitia and Rulers of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. There were special worships devoted to them. Supposedly, in the first half of the 17th century in Šiluva hospital and primary school were founded, the latter operated with pauses. [From the publication]