Prieglobsčio prašytojų priėmimo sąlygų direktyvos perkėlimo į Lietuvos teisę ir įgyvendinimo problemos

LT2005 m. vasario 6 d. pasibaigė 2003 m. sausio 27 d. Tarybos direktyvos Nr. 2003/9/EB, nustatančios minimalias normas dėl prieglobsčio prašytojų priėmimo (toliau - Priėmimo sąlygų direktyva) perkėlimo į nacionalinę teisę terminas. Šis straipsnis yra antrasis iš straipsnių ciklo apie Europos Sąjungos prieglobsčio direktyvų perkėlimo į Lietuvos teisę ir įgyvendinimo problemas , kuriame analizuojama Priėmimo sąlygų direktyvos perkėlimo į Lietuvos teisę padėtis, direktyvos nuostatų įtaka Lietuvos prieglobsčio teisės raidai ir atkreipiamas dėmesys į vis dar neperkeltas arba netinkamai perkeltas direktyvos nuostatas bei praktines problemas, kurios gali kilti taikant šią direktyvą. Straipsnis gali būti naudingas direktyvos nuostatas taikančioms ir priėmimo sąlygas prieglobsčio prašytojams užtikrinančioms valstybės institucijoms bei įstatymų leidėjui, siekiant garantuoti visišką direktyvos nuostatų perkėlimą į nacionalinę teisę bei tobulinti dabartinę teisinę bazę Lietuvoje. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Europos Sąjungos teisė; Prieglobstis; Pabėgėliai; EU law; Asylum; Refugees.

ENThe 6th of February 2005 marks the deadline of transposition of the EU Council Directive No. 2003/9/EC (Reception Conditions‘ Directive) into national legislation. This article is the second in a series of articles on transposition of the European Union Asylum Directives in Lithuania and remaining concerns. It analyses the transposition of the Reception Conditions Directive in the country, the impact of the directive‘s provisions on the development of the Lithuanian asylum law and draws attention to the remaining concerns in relation to implementation of this directive in Lithuania. The authors illustrate the remaining concerns with practical and live examples/stories from Lithuania. At the time of writing this article, majority of norms of the Reception Conditions Directive have been transposed into the Lithuanian legislation. Overall, this directive had only a limited impact on material and legal reception conditions of asylum seekers in Lithuania, because substantial reception conditions have existed in Lithuania even before the adoption of the Directive or Lithuania‘s accession to the EU, which made the directive legally binding upon the country. The impact that the directive had on the legislation of Lithuania and the position of asylum seekers in the country is not only positive. The establishment of free and paid by the state legal aid to asylum seekers in the legal acts of Lithuania is one example of the positive effect. Currently, the legal assistance to asylum seekers in the country is provided under more favourable terms and broader scope than envisaged by the directive.Furthermore, transposition of the directive‘s provisions has served for introduction of better possibilities to access education and health care systems. At the same time, stricter requirements apply with regard to asylum seeker‘s obligation to contribute to his reception conditions and also concerning suspension and reduction of the reception conditions. Separate legal concerns with regard to implementation of the directive‘s provisions in Lithuania remain in respect of access to the labour market, proper treatment of asylum seekers with special needs, as well as the general reception conditions in the Foreigners‘ Registration Centre where asylum seekers are being accommodated for the whole period of asylum procedure. Other concerns relate to the lack of reception conditions at the border and local migration offices, for asylum seekers living outside of reception centres, as well as wide authority for suspension, reduction or withdrawal of reception conditions with limited external control over these decisions. The article may be useful for institutions providing reception conditions to asylum seekers, as well as for the legislator with the view of ensuring full and proper transposition of the directive into the national legislation and improving the current legislation on aliens in Lithuania. [From the publication]