Viešųjų programų įgyvendinimo problemos Lietuvoje : profesinės reabilitacijos programos potencialių dalyvių nuomonių tyrimas

LTViešosios programos yra viešojo valdymo struktūros pagrindas, jomis realizuojamos viešojo valdymo politikos kryptys, tenkinami visuomenės poreikiai. Realizuojant programas susiduriama su tokiomis problemomis kaip nepakankama tos visuomenės grupės, kuriai taikoma programa motyvacija, suinteresuotųjų grupių spaudimas, finansinės, organizacinės problemos. Straipsnyje pristatomas profesinės reabilitacijos programos potencialių (atsisakiusiųjų dalyvauti) dalyvių nuomonių tyrimas, kuriuo siekta išskirti viešojo valdymo struktūros komponentus ir nustatyti viešųjų programų vietą viešojo valdymo struktūroje, išskirti pagrindines priežastis, lėmusiais potencialių dalyvių atsisakymą dalyvauti profesinės reabilitacijos programoje. Tyrime dalyvavo 76 Šiaulių apskrityje gyvenantys neįgalūs asmenys (duomenys rinkti nuo 2008 m. rugsėjo iki 2009 m. birželio mėn.), kuriems buvo siūloma dalyvauti profesinės reabilitacijos programoje, tačiau jie dėl įvairių priežasčių atsisakė. Nustatyta, kad organizaciniai veiksniai nėra patys svarbiausi ir lemiantys apsisprendimą nedalyvauti programoje. Apsisprendimą gali įtakoti išsamios informacijos apie programą stoka. Finansiniai, socialiniai ir psichologiniai veiksniai beveik vienodai daro įtaką respondentų apsisprendimui nedalyvauti programoje. Kuo ilgiau respondentai nedirba, tuo prasčiau vertina galimybę sėkmingai įsidarbinti ir tuo geriau vertina galimybę mokytis ir dalyvauti programoje. Todėl labai svarbu per kuo trumpesnį laikotarpį nuo asmens pasitraukimo iš darbo rinkos įvairiomis priemonėmis ir per programas padėti įgyti atitinkančią jų negalę profesinę kvalifikaciją ir grįžti į darbo rinką.Reikšminiai žodžiai: Viešoji programa; Viešasis; Programų įgyvendinimas; Profesinės reabilitacijos; Programa; Poveikio vertinimas.; Public program; Public program implementation; Professional rehabilitation program; Program; Evaluation.; Viešasis administravimas; Viešosios programos vertinimas; Neįgalieji; Darbo rinka; Public administration; Assessment of social programs; Disable people; Labor market.

ENThe present article considers the problems of implementation of public programs, there is presented the place of public programs in the structure of public government. Successful implementation of public programs is one of the essential elements of the efficient government of the public sector. Implementing of such programs is aimed towards a particular economical-social effect on entire society, its welfare. The effect of public programs on the society is felt not immediately, but after 10-15 years, therefore the lack of polar volition to consistent succession is rather frequent. In case the implementation of the program fails or it is implemented only partially, unrealised social-economical expectations of the participants, organisers of such program, and the whole society remain. The aim of the present article is to establish the position of public programs in the structure of public government as well as to perform the research into the opinions of the potential participants of a professional rehabilitation program. When implementing programs, such problems as insufficient motivation of the group of society to which the program is applied, pressure of concerned groups as well as financial, organisational problems are encountered. The opinions of potential participants of the particular public program (professional rehabilitation program) are analysed in the presented empirical research. During the research, the main reasons determining refusal of potential participants to participate in the program were revealed.Having analysed the opinions of the potential participants in the professional rehabilitation program in the aspect of organisational factors, we established that the organisational factors are not the most important and determining the decision to refuse to participate in the program, however, assessing the statements it was noticed that a rather big part of respondents selected the response "I have no opinion", thus we may draw a conclusion that the potential participants were not provided with comprehensive information about the program. After completion of the analysis of the opinions of the potential participants in the professional rehabilitation program in the aspect of financial, social and psychological factors, it became clear that all three groups of factors make almost equal effect on the respondents' decision to refuse to participate in the program. All groups of factors are closely related and interact with each other. After analysis of the results of the research, it was established that longer duration of unemployment affected the more pessimistic assessment of the possibility to get employment, however the possibility to study and participate in the program was inversely proportional to the length of the period of time of unemployment, i.e. the longer the duration of unemployment of the respondents, the higher the evaluation of the possibility to study and participate in the program. Therefore it is very important to help people to obtain professional qualification meeting their special needs due to their incapacity for work and to return back to the labour market using various means and programs in as short as possible period of time after the person's retreat from the labour market. [From the publication]