Marijampolės miestas: priešistorė, miesto ištakos, istorija, mintys, kūrėjai

LTReikšminiai žodžiai: Marijampolė; Kraštotyra; Marijamolė.

ENThe book consists of four parts. The first part of the book - The city of Marijampole begins with a short introduction in Chapter 1 and ends with the Chapter 5 describing Marijampole as a city of Independent Lithuanian State. The rest three parts consist of: chronology of the city's historic events, description of city inhabitants, supporting historic documents in the addendum of the book. There you can find a lot of additional information about the city's history, city's famous people, who also played an important role founding our State, preserving Lithuanian language and culture. Historic past of Suduva land you will find both in an overview of natural environment and in historic preface. There you can read about the battles led by Grand Dukes of Lithuanian Grand Dutchy defending the land from the Order of Teutonic Knights. The battles lasted until 1422, when the integrity of Lithuanian State and Suduvian land was recognized by the Treaty of Melno. The prehistoric period of Marijampole begins with an overview of the three Mounds situated within city limits. According to all available archeological data, the Kumelioniu mound has the dominating position. It is due to its size and strategic location. The author derives the origins of the name from the Castle of Kimenava. The castle used to be a centre of the rural district of the historic Kimenava land. Such a conclusion is based on some historical facts about Suduva land, depicted in "Chronicle of Prussian Land" by P. Dusburgietis,"Chronicle of New Prussian Land" by V. Marburgietis, route descriptions made by Teutonic Knights of 1384-1402, "Lithuanian Historic Geography and Features of Geography" by O. Maksimaitiene (p. 50, 55-56), in historical works on Order of the Teutonic Knights by E. Gudavicius. Kimenava and Meskuciai mounds as all settlements beside them date back to 1000 BC. The castles built on the mounds existed till the 90's of the 13th century.The author presents detailed description of Kimenava castle and possible ways of its reconstruction, that are based on archeological evidence. There were large settlements in the limits of today's city, when the castle existed. The settlements are even older than the castles. New archeological investigations were carried out on the left bank of the river Se-supe in 2007. New unknown settlements were discovered. They date back to 2000 BC. The findings date back to Middle Ages. Based on historic sources, the author presents some facts about the villages and their people, that existed in Suduva before the invasion of Crusaders. Some of the local names still carry their names, such as: Sesupe-sese means "black bird", Jevinis- Javone-Javonis (the goddess of corn -Javine), Laikste- Laikste- Laikse means swamp. The names are also mentioned on the Prussian military maps. The book also contains information about the understanding of the outside world by the inhabitants of Suduva.lt is based on mythology, inhabitants' links with some objects of nature, for example with the Dusia lake. The name Dusia has originated from the ancient word "dusi" which means spirit and has some links with the cult of the goddess Water-nymth/Acquarius. The process of rebirth of Suduva lands was long and hard. As a matter of fact it started after the victory at The Battle Zalgiris (Grunwald). Later development of wood trade gave a new influence to the growth. This growth encouraged people to return to their native places. New inhabitants had been settling here, too. So new villages, towns, factories were established. The author states that the town originates from the wood trade ventures named Budos, which were located near the river Sesupe. He also states some ideas about the age of the Budos. All the information is based on historic events from the revision of Suduva's woods made by Crigalius Valavicius in 1559.In addition, the author extends the conception on the age of the town. He suggests counting it back the first fact when it was mentioned in historical sources of information. Despite former castles and settlements existing in the Middle Ages, the real birthplace of the town is the settlement Budos, which had originated from the wood trade that took place here in 1550-156O.The settlement was located near the Sesupe river on the lands where Marijampole is located nowadays. In the inventory of Prienai in 1738 this settlement was mentioned as Stara Buda - Sena Buda. Later the name was changed into Staropole. The Counts Butleriai were taking care of the further town development. The town was named Marijampole after the monks marijonai had settled here. In 1792 the town was granted a Royal privilege - the name Marijampole was officially recognized. The book lists the factors which had stimulated the growth of the town. They are: 1.The manor of Kvietiskis had a certain influence on the development of handicrafts and trade. 2.The monks marijonai established some centres of education. 3.Granting of the status as a district town. 4.Foundation of a secondary school in Suduva. 5.The formation of the centre of Lithuanian language and culture. 6.Industrial development and recognition of the status as a republic town. 7.Constant further development of culture and education. So the author has confronted the fact that the history of the town begins in 1667 or 1626 with the name of Pasesupio village. He insists on the fact that its history started in 1550-1570. Further information given in the book is about later development and its relation to important historic events. The next five chapters of the book contain this information. Every chapter has a special title. You can read about the town history, its famous people, such as the Butleriai, Vincas Kudirka, Petras Kriauciunas, Jonas Basanavicius, Kazys Grinius, and others.