Kalba kaip požiūris į pasaulį A. Maceinos filosofijoje
LTStraipsnyje siekiama parodyti, kad kalba yra pamatinė žmogaus veiksena: įvardydama pasaulio būtybes, ji sukuria tvarkingą ir struktūruotą žmogiškosios buveinės – kur – visumą. Bet koks tikrovės įvardijimas, pavadinimas žodžiu visada reprezentuoja žmogaus požiūrį į pasaulį. Kalbos problema straipsnyje nagrinėjama pasitelkus Antano Maceinos kalbos ir kultūros apmąstymams skirtus tekstus, taip pat – Wilhelmo von Humboldto, Martino Heideggerio, Maurice'o Merleau-Ponty ir kitų autorių svarstymus. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Antanas Maceina; Interpretacija; Kalba; Pasaulis; Patirtis; Požiūris į pasaulį; Prasmė; Antanas Maceina; Experience; I nterpretation; Interpretation; Language; Meaning; The world; World-view.
ENIt is necessary to begin from the point that human existence always supposes relationship with the world where language appears the only way to be therein. However, primarily human being is not well provided. Moreover, he does not possess his world so immediately and clearly, as the animals possess their own location in the wild. Hence, language is the first human's step to this location, to his own world which discloses itself only in the utterance. Language allows us to nuance all our impressions and designate each of them by a particular name. It originates an ordered and a structural whole of human habitation by naming the world's creatures, things, phenomena, as well as plenty of features and aspects. Entities of the world are essentially constituted by language in human reality. Besides, every word and every utterance always reveals a particular view as well as interpretation of a certain entity. Only that world which has a name discloses itself as an ordered whole which, on the other hand, always covers something that is not said. It is the main principle of Λóyoς in a pure sense. It shows us the expansion of human world until the boundaries that are defined by language.In the article, the language as world-view is investigated according to the language researches of A. Maceina, M. Heidegger, W. von Humboldt and other authors' reflections concerning language. The investigation of language that is presented in the article allows us to arrive at these conclusions. The analysis of similarities between interjection and word as well as their differences have shown that interjection as well as word belongs to the plane of subjectivity. In contrast, the word always strives to transcend the plane of subjectivity by making a motion towards externality. Thus, the word belongs to the domain of subjectivity and simultaneously reaches the world where it realizes itself in a concrete sense. Interjections are the merest emotional reactions which carry instinctive cries: they have instinctive origin. Hereby, the word is ambivalent. It includes both: the interjection and the sense. In consideration on language and its links with the thinking, it is necessary to infer that the word stands at the beginning of thinking. Every process of thinking begins with naming of an object. Hence, human thinking is not wordless or empty, on the contrary, it is always lingual. [...]. [From the publication]
