Motiejaus Kazimiero Sarbievijaus emblemos : trijų žanrų sąveika

LTEmblema - tai renesanso epochoje susiformavusi, baroko laikais itin suklestėjusi žanrinė forma, jungianti vaizduojamąjį meną ir literatūrą. LDK emblemika jau yra sulaukusi pakankamo tyrėjų dėmesio: jai skirtos solidžios literatūrologės E. Patiejūnienės (90 J. Liškevičienės (6) monografijos. M. K. Sarbievijaus embleminė kūryba kol kas nėra plačiau tyrinėta. Poeto santykis su baroko emblema įvairiapusis ir sudėtingas. Tyrėjai pastebi M. K. Sarbievijaus proginių veikalų embleminę struktūrą, akcentuoja, jog embleminė simbolika sudaro poeto lyrikos metaforų sistemos pagrindą (10, 168). Akivaizdu, jog embleminis mąstymas persmelkia ne tik eiliuotus, bet ir prozinius M. K. Sarbievijaus kūriniu f. Nors emblemos žanro kanoną labiausiai atitinka religinių epigramų ciklas Dieviškosios Meilės (Amor Divinus) tema, tačiau emblemomis ciklą sudarantys eilėraščiai nėra pavadinti, [domu tai, kad emblemos terminu M. K. Sarbievijus Įvardijo tik keturias panegirinio pobūdžio epigramas (7, 505-507), lydinčias epitalamiją, skirtą didiko Jono Rakovsio ir Eugenijos Tiškevičiūtės vestuvėms (7, 302-312). Straipsnyje šios epigramos analizuojamos kaip trijų žanrų - herbinės poezijos, emblemos ir epitalamijo - sintezės pavyzdžiai. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Baroko poezija; Emblema; Literatūra; M. Sarbievijus; žanras; Poetry of the Baroque; Emblem; Literary genre; Lithuanian literature; M. Sarbiewski.

ENIn the period of Baroque, one of the most important genres optimally expressing the principles and art trends of the epoch was the emblem. The literary emblem is an amalgam of the pictorial art (ars pictoria) and poetry (ars poetica), conditioning the layer of meaning developied within their synthesis. The canonic emblem consisted of three parts: a statement-type sentence (Latin: epigraphe, inscriptio, motto, lemma) or it was substituted by the title of a verse composition (Latin: titulus), image (Latin: imago, icon; less frequently - pictura, figura, schema) and an epigraphic poem (Latin: subcsriptio, epigramma). Sometimes the three-part system was complemented by the fourth part, a prose commentary (Latin: commentarhts). The creators of emblems resorted to a rich treasury of symbolic images, the sources of which included often misinterpreted Egyptian hieroglyphs, heraldry, Clasisical mythology, history, sign systems of various branches of science (e. g. astrology, alchemy, geometry), as well as Biblical images and Christian symbols.One of the most popular genres of occasional literature in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (GDL) was the armorial poetry - epigrams where the heraldic figures of the dedicates were interpreted. From the very beginning heraldry was one of the sources of emblem images. In the 17th century GDL literature there were two main tendencies of the interaction between armorial poetry and emblem. For the panegyric purpose heraldic signs were interpreted according to the conventions of the emblem genre, i.e. they assumed symbolic or allegorical meaning. On the other hand, the creators of emblems used the heraldic signs or combined them with the typical emblematic images in the epigrams. The emblematic character was inherent to many poetic and prose works by Sarbiewski, however, only four epigrams included into the nuptial publication were called emblems. His originality is found in the specific combination of the heraldic signs of the newlyweds (e. g. Crosses of the Groom; Moon and Stars of the Bride), the result of which is a typical emblematic image, i.e. ship, pentagram, etc. To say more, the traditional topics typical of the epithalamium genre occur in the emblems. When interpreting the heraldic signs and emblemic images Sarbiewski glorifies newlyweds, marriage and wishes them honour and welfare. Thus, Sarbiewski's emblematic epigrams by represent the synthesis of the three genders, i.e. the armorial poetry, the emblem and the epithalamium. [From the publication]