Muziejiniai Vilniaus istorijos kontekstai

LTStraipsnyje nagrinėjama muziejinių Vilniaus istorijos kontekstų XIX-XXI a. pobūdis. Matomos muziejų Vilniuje su jo istorija daugiaaspektės sąsajos, kurias liudija muziejų erdvės ir turiniai. Įžvelgiamos atspindėjimo Vilniaus istorijos nekoncentravimo viename muziejuje pagrindinės aplinkybės: tai Vilniuje formavimas nacionalinių Lietuvos istorijos ir meno muziejų, kurie apsorbavo iš dalies Vilniaus kultūrinius kontekstus. Manoma, kad galimi netradiciniai Vilniaus istorijos muziejaus sudarymo sprendimai, kurie išplėstų Vilniaus muziejų miesto įvaizdžio tradiciją moderniais muziejiniais kontekstais. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Muziejus; Muziejiniai kontekstai; Museum; Museological contexts.

ENThe clustering of museums in Vilnius, Lithuania's cultural and administrative centre, is a natural thing. The image of Vilnius as a city of museums has been shaped from the latter half of the 18lh century: in 1752 the Museum of Mathematics was opened at Vilnius University becoming the first public museum in Lithuania. Vilnius has never lost its image as a city of museums, though the development of its museums was greatly affected by changes in cultural ideology under tsarist Russian, Polish and Soviet rule and during the years of independence. Museums underwent reorganization and closure and new ones were established. Only a few museums in Vilnius can trace their history back to 19th-century museums: the Lithuanian National Museum preserves the surviving remnants from the collection of the Vilnius Museum of Antiquities (1855-65) and the Science Museum of Vilnius University holds objects from the Museum of Vilnius University (1752-1844). Today there are 32 museums and over 30 art galleries in Vilnius, which make one third of all the museums in Lithuania. These are largely museums of a historical type. The tendency for this kind of museums is traditional and characteristic of museum development both in Vilnius and all over Lithuania. The museums in Vilnius naturally form a facet of the city's history and life just because they have been established or operate here, though they may have no connection to the city's past (e. g. some museums of amber and linen as well as medal galleries located in the Old Town of Vilnius). The concepts of many of the museums, even the in-situ ones, focus on the discourse "Lithuania-Vilnius-Lithuania". This is characteristic of the Museum of Gediminas Castle Tower and the Bastion of the Vilnius Defensive Wall, which are subsidiaries of the Lithuanian National Museum.the Homo Sovieticus Museum, which is currently being established in the Tuskulėnai manor park (Peace Park) as a branch of the Museum of Genocide Victims; the Power Engineering Museum, which is to be reorganized into the Lithuanian Museum of Engineering; as well as memorial museums, such as the Marija and Jurgis Šlapeliai House Museum. Some in-situ and other museums have connections to wider contexts: for example, the Adomas Mickevičius Memorial Apartment Museum, Alexander Pushkin Literary Museum and Mikalojus Konstatinas Čiurlionis House seek to reflect the fame of the authors around the world; the Computer Museum showcases technological improvements made in Vilnius, but related to global knowledge. The diverse historical and cultural aspects of Vilnius city represented by various present- day museums are nevertheless viewed as insufficient by some historians and municipal government officers in charge of culture and education in Vilnius. The reason for the wish to establish a historical or city museum in Vilnius has also been preparation for the status of the European Capital of Culture in 2009. It is considered that such a museum would be an appropriate showcase of the historical and cultural evolution of the city. The initiative may also be rooted in the museum traditions - the Vilnius City Museum (1933-40) and the Vilnius History Museum (1940-52). The idea of the museum is developed taking into account the experience of other countries: many capital cities have museums representing their historical and cultural heritage.Having in mind that the collections held by city and history museums in Vilnius have formed the basis of the National Art Museum of Lithuania and the Lithuanian National Museum and given diverse contemporary museological contexts of Vilnius history, a problem of a reasoned and professional discussion arises: what could the city or historical museum in Vilnius be like in terms of its concept, nature and location? The issue is gradually being solved. It is hoped that by 2009 a virtual Vilnius city museum will be established. The idea of a real museum shall also be further generated, the information on this topic collected and a Vilnius history information centre established. Furthermore, a feasibility study for the establishment of Vilnius city or historical museum is needed to consider several reasonable patterns for this kind of museum (management, structure and museological communication alternatives based on the analysis of the local context and global practices in the area of city museum establishment). [From the publication]

• Istorijos muziejus: samprata, šiuolaikinių muziejinių naratyvų kūrimo idėjos ir jų raiška Vilniaus mieste / Rūta Šermukšnytė. Lituanistica. 2012, Nr. 2, p. 146-160.
• Muziejiniai Lietuvos istorijos kontekstai. Temų, problemų topografijos konstantos ir pokyčiai / Nastazija Keršytė. Acta museologica Lithuanica. 2015, 2, p. 41-86.