Teisinio nihilizmo poveikis verslumui Lietuvoje

LTStraipsniu siekiama atkreipti skaitytojų dėmesį į teisines ir ekonomines verslumo kultūros puoselėjimo problemas Lietuvoje. Lietuvos tarpukario mąstytojai kėlė mintį, kad „mes nemylime savos valstybės, nes mes per ilgai buvome priversti nekęsti svetimos valstybės". Susiklosčiusi tradicija suponuoja valstybės ir verslo priešpriešą. Sovietmečiu prievarta diegta dirbtinė tvarka, „proletariato diktatūra", grįsta bendrabūvio samprata, dar labiau deformavo Lietuvos žmonių bendrabūvio kultūrą, kitas socialines vertybes. Iškreiptas doktrininis mąstymas suformavo tradicijas, nepriimtinas demokratiniam pasauliui, trukdančias versliai visuomenei formuotis. Mokslas įrodė, kad kultūros tradicijos nėra perduodamos genetiškai. Jos yra sąmoningai arba nesąmoningai formuojamos ir gali turėti lemiamą poveikį žmonių santykiams, jų raidai. Straipsnyje, remiantis teoriniais šaltiniais, socialinių tyrinėjimų duomenimis, daroma prielaida, kad visuomenė susiduria su daugeliu demokratiniam bendrabūviui priešingų kultūros apraiškų. Viena iš jų -- teisinis nihilizmas. Šią hipotezę siekiama patvirtinti sociologinių tyrimų duomenimis, atskleidžiančiais aplinkybes bei priežastis, kurios turi įtakos teisiniam nihilizmui rastis. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Teisinis nihilizmas; Verslo santykiai ir teisė; Niilism in the law; Enterpreneuship relations and law.

ENThe goal of this article is to spotlight legal, economical problems of nurturing of entrepreneurship culture in Lithuania. Lithuanian thinkers of the interwar raised the idea that "we are not in love with our country because too long we were forced to hate a foreign country". That is why a state was contrasted with creating of welfare for people. In Soviet times, a notion of coexistence was based on artificial order, "dictatorship of proletariat", which even more distorted culture of co-existence of Lithuanian people, undercut confidence in the state and in other social values. Strained doctrinaire thinking formed traditions unacceptable for the democratic world. Until now it remains a significant object for research in creating a legal and democratic state of Lithuania, an enterprising society, which is determined to apply free market methods to regulate its economy. It is scientifically proved that cultural traditions are consciously or unconsciously formed and can have a decisive impact on human relations; however, they can not be genetically transferred. Due to this in the democratic world their development is submitted to a society's will. The article suggests a presumption, based on theoretical sources and data of social research, that without having conquered appositive cultural manifestations in the democratic coexistence it is impossible to create the enterprising society. Forceful actions can be targeted to solve concrete problems. One of such is nihilism in the law. This presumption is attempted to be proved by data of sociological research which reveal circumstances and reasons for nihilism in the law to emerge. The article substantiates the idea that enterprising of the society is a part of its legal economical culture.Nihilism in law is a form of distorted legal consciousness. The article attempts to pay readers attention to concrete sequences of traditions formed in the Soviet era -- a negative impact in developing cooperation between entrepreneurs and custom or other tax institutions officers in solving legal economical questions. On the basis of research data several conclusions have been made: • Examination of problems of legal consciousness is very complicated and requires consistency and attention to both the totality of circumstances and to every single of them. Moreover, it is very important to evaluate latent problems because provided legal characteristics can be treated subjectively on the basis of doctrinaire way of thinking and notions of artificial order which had been engrained for long decades. • Having compared data of inquiry of social groups in Western countries and those in Lithuania an obvious difference in attitudes towards legal functions can be observed. Lawyers in Lithuania (working in the law field) particularly stress educational function. This distorts a social role of the law. Relations between entrepreneurs and officers are affected by a legal tradition that had been implanted for long years and which had stressed an absolute preventive function of responsibility and punishment underlining social role of officers (public servants).• Despite noticeable positive changes in development of traditions of democratic coexistence and enterprising, a latent threat remains in trying to solve all questions merely by legal means and to dissociate from all other (economy, morals, management, etc.). When creating and developing Western traditions, the essential question is, if the way of societal thinking is changing and towards what direction; can we forecast tendencies of democratic state and society which encourage absorbing traditions from senior European Union member states to organise coexistence and create welfare. A magic passkey that would open the door to so desirable welfare will not turn up without changes in attitudes towards enterprising. [From the publication]